swilow
Bluelight Crew
^I looked but couldn't find an answer there.
Goodnight
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Biologists have not definitively determined how or why some insects began to hatch in a larval form, but Lynn Riddiford and James Truman, formerly of the University of Washington in Seattle, have constructed one of the most comprehensive theories. They point out that insects that mature through incomplete metamorphosis pass through a brief stage of life before becoming nymphs—the pro-nymphal stage, in which insects look and behave differently from their true nymphal forms. Some insects transition from pro-nymphs to nymphs while still in the egg; others remain pro-nymphs for anywhere from mere minutes to a few days after hatching.
Perhaps this pro-nymphal stage, Riddiford and Truman suggest, evolved into the larval stage of complete metamorphosis. Perhaps 280 million years ago, through a chance mutation, some pro-nymphs failed to absorb all the yolk in their eggs, leaving a precious resource unused. In response to this unfavorable situation, some pro-nymphs gained a new talent: the ability to actively feed, to slurp up the extra yolk, while still inside the egg. If such pro-nymphs emerged from their eggs before they reached the nymphal stage, they would have been able to continue feeding themselves in the outside world. Over the generations, these infant insects may have remained in a protracted pro-nymphal stage for longer and longer periods of time, growing wormier all the while and specializing in diets that differed from those of their adult selves—consuming fruits and leaves, rather than nectar or other smaller insects. Eventually these prepubescent pro-nymphs became full-fledged larvae that resembled modern caterpillars. In this way, the larval stage of complete metamorphosis corresponds to the pro-nymphal stage of incomplete metamorphosis. The pupal stage arose later as a kind of condensed nymphal phase that catapulted the wriggly larvae into their sexually active winged adult forms.
Some anatomical, hormonal and genetic evidence supports this evolutionary scenario. Anatomically, pro-nymphs have a fair amount in common with the larvas of insects that undergo complete metamorphosis: they both have soft bodies, lack scaly armor and possess immature nervous systems. A gene named broad is essential for the pupal stage of complete metamorphosis. If you knock out this gene, a caterpillar never forms a pupa and fails to become a butterfly. The same gene is important for molting during the nymphal stage of incomplete metamorphosis, corroborating the equivalence of nymph and pupa. Likewise, both pro-nymphs and larvae have high levels of juvenile hormone, which is known to suppress the development of adult features. In insects that undergo incomplete metamorphosis, levels of juvenile hormone dip before the pro-nymph molts into the nymph; in complete metamorphosis, however, juvenile hormone continues to flood the larva's body until just before it pupates. The evolution of incomplete metamorphosis into complete metamorphosis likely involved a genetic tweak that bathed the embryo in juvenile hormone sooner than usual and kept levels of the hormone high for an unusually long time.
What about first butterfly?
Wouldnt he /she need a mate?
Yeah but this is different.It doesn't go old species gives birth to new
Just some thoughts on reading through this...
Evolution and Creation are not in the same debate, unless the Creationist wants to claim God is constantly creating new forms. Creation is an EVENT, Evolution is a PROCESS. Evolution cannot even begin unless there is a goal-seeking entity.
Creationism isn't really a discussion point. Any possible counter can be dismissed with 'God did it' or 'That's how God wanted it' or 'God works in mysterious ways' and so on. Intelligent Design is interesting but merely moves the Origin question back a level - all the same questions then have to be asked about the 'Intelligence.' Aliens have the same issue - all the Q's then have to be re-asked about their origin.
Evolution is an OK idea but it's just an hypothesis. As it stands it isn't falsifiable so it doesn't count as theory. And the evidence is circumstantial so it isn't currently testable either. But it's got a lot of holes in it.
One that most people try to avoid is pure numbers. Evolution is presented as a Tree of Life, starting with one-celled organisms and branching out rapidly once multicellular life got started. So that would imply that most solutions to basic issues would have similar genes causing the solutions. i.e. the eye on a common ancestor of humans and insects would have a similar genetic makeup and it would be possible to see how the insect eye became the human eye.
Unfortunately for this, Craig Venter spent some months sailing around the world dipping a bucket into the ocean at regular intervals. Last I heard he had 29 MILLION genes in 50,000 gene families. To put that in perspective, the most complex creature on the planet (us :D) has 23,400 genes making up about 3% of our genome.
Those numbers do not support Evolution as it is presented. Nor do they support Creationism.
Dating is suspect. DNA dating relies on a regular 'tick' of mutation. There is zero evidence of such a regular tick. It depends on background radiation and/or chemical composition and we know for a fact those things change. A decent solar flare with CME will alter the background radiation. A decent volcano will alter the chemical environment. The presence of ELE's and the subsequent population explosions would tend to argue against the whole idea of a regular 'tick' at all.
The same argument kinda nukes carbon 14 dating as well - with no constant background C14 is pretty much useless as a measure, even after accounting for the 2 revisions of dates already done in the past 50 years or so.
Human evolution is just as problematic. Even the Out-of-Africa scenario is naive at best in the assumptions. e.g. imagine an earlier human race, spreading out (from almost anywhere really) across the planet, with a technology different to ours and a lifestyle not at all concerned with owning 'things' as the highest priority. They build huge monuments using techniques we don't have. They invent plants (look up the banana) and all kinds of things to benefit their people. They map coastlines and learn about the stars.
Then, about 70,000 years back, they get wiped out. Perhaps Toba - the timing seems about right and DNA (allowing for the inaccuracy mentioned above) tells us that somewhere back around that epoch the human race was reduced to less than 4,000 breeding pairs. The only survivors are in Africa. After a bit of a rough start they spread out around the world.
So it is quite feasible that we vastly pre-date the current version of modern man but also come from the Out-of-Africa migrations.
The Archaeology world is rife with corruption. Everyone need sfunding and the way to do it is headlines, so we have tiny bits of bone being claimed as the first human or the last ape ancestor and so on. A couple of sites in South America were making news because they showed Man was there earlier than thought in any modern theory. All was going well until the dates came back, at which point the consensus world swung into action, attacking the people involved. The problem was, the dates were TOO old - they showed 'modern' man (as in using tools only associated with much more recent Man) had been there 250,000 years ago.
Anything upsetting the status quo is covered up. Peer review is no longer an integrity check it is manipulated to make sure non-consensus views do not get published.
And as an interesting aside, there is an idea for this discussion that I have never seen discussed so I think it is my idea. Nobody seems to have considered Unintelligent Design as part of the process. :D