Anadenanthera said:
cognosis said:
Isn't the calcinated lime used to, like, get the dmt to cross the brain-blood barrier?
No, its used to make bufotenin cross the blood brain barrier. Without the lime, bufotenin has a hard time crossing the blood brain barrier, DMT doesn't need to be in free base form to cross the blood brain barrier. Neither does psilocybin, LSD, mescaline, etc. This only applies to bufotenin. DMT in acid salt form is actually better for taking as snuff because it dissolves better. Try adding an acid to your snuff. It will make a bufotenin acid salt that will make you really sick. That's why shamans don't add any acids to the snuff. They know what they are doing. You do know that cocaine works better as a snuff if made into a water soluble acid salt form right? The same thing applies to DMT. But NOT to bufotenin, because it changes the effects of bufotenin and makes it very toxic.
cognosis said:
I mean, isn't bufotenin already orally active?
Yes, but it becomes bufotenin hydrochloride when it enters the digestive system which is VERY TOXIC and not very hallucinogenic. Try it out. You'll get really sick if you take enough of it.
cognosis said:
Why blow a wad of crushed shells and seeds up your nose if eating or smoking it would be just as effective?
Like I said above. You don't want to eat bufotenin. It becomes very toxic and can easily kill you if you take too much of it orally. It causes lots of nausea, tension, high blood pressure, etc. VERY TOXIC that way. That's why shamans use it as a snuff. They know what they're doing.
cognosis said:
When I smoked the seeds I smoked like two or three; whereas, when I made the snuff, I used 10-20 seeds. Yeah, I know there's minuscule amounts of dmt and 5-meo-dmt in yopo and vilca, but it seems to me that the experience one has with the snuffs differs significantly enough to assume that it isn't solely 5-ho-dmt that's coloring the trip.
BAM
The snuff is different from smoking it because of sevaral factors. First, you mix the snuff with lime. This changes the bufotenin in the seeds to calcium bufotenate, which has more hallucinogenic effects than whats in the seeds. Secondly, the effects of bufotenin differ if smoked, snuffed, or taken orally. If smoked, the effects are primarily visual. If taken orally, the effects are primarily toxic because it gets converted to bufotenin hydrochloride. If taken as snuff, the effects are more "psychedelic"...its hard to explain, but its very different from smoking it.
Pure free base bufotenin smoked is VERY DIFFERENT than when taken as a snuff. If smoked, it only produces visual effects. If taken as a snuff, its a beautiful full blown psychedelic experience. If ingested it converts to bufotenin hydrochloride which REALLY SUCKS. Its a little bit hallucinogenic, but mostly causes lots of side effects which get really bad and deadly at high doses. A high dose of it orally can cause a little hallucinogenic effects, and can kill you. Don't take it orally.
I want to elaborate on this and explain a little more in detail of why this is the case for all the chemists out there.
As you probably know, free base DMT and free base 5-MeO-DMT are both non-polar molecules that are basic (with a pH above 7) and are both not water soluble. If you add calcium hydroxide or any other strong base, they will not react with it because they are not acids. They are weak basis, and they can only react with acids, not other bases. So, they will only form salts with acids (hydrochloric acid, acetic acid, citric acid, etc) and not with bases. Also, they are hallucinogenic no matter which form they are in because they primarily affect central 5-HT receptors, and have little effects on peripheral 5-HT receptors whether in acidic salt form or free base form. Only when in acidic salt form can they react with strong bases, in which case they form free base compounds and not basic salts.
5-OH-DMT (bufotenin) is very different from the other two. The exposed OH group changes everything and gives it polarity. So unlike free base DMT and free base 5-MeO-DMT, free base 5-OH-DMT is polar, weakly acidic (with a pH below 7) and somewhat water soluble. Like DMT and 5-MeO-DMT, it can form a salt with acids. This is unusual though as 5-OH-DMT is itself a weak acid. Its amide side is able to bond with acids. It’s able to form a free base compound at pH 8-9. Like 4-OH-DMT (psilocin), its close relative, 5-OH-DMT also decomposes at hi pH levels.
Unlike DMT and 5-MeO-DMT, 5-OH-DMT affects both central 5-HT receptors and peripheral 5-HT receptors. If it’s in a very water soluble form, it affects more peripheral 5-HT receptors. If it’s in a poor water soluble form, it affects more central 5-HT receptors in the brain. That’s why water soluble forms, like bufotenin hydrochloride, produce toxic effects, and poorly water soluble forms, like free base bufotenin, produce more hallucinogenic effects. This is pretty unique to 5-OH-DMT. Even 4-OH-DMT (psilocin) is hallucinogenic no matter what form it’s in.
To make things more interesting, 5-OH-DMT has an exposed OH group that decomposes at very hi pH levels. This is the KEY to Yopo and Vilca. If you react 5-OH-DMT with any strong base at pH 12 or so, it will free base then decompose, lose the H atom, and become 5-O-DMT. At this point it’s NO LONGER BUFOTENIN. Bufotenin is defined as 5-OH-DMT, and this compound is 5-O-DMT, a new compound. 5-O-DMT is able to form a salt with the base. However, because it’s a salt of the base used in the reaction, the polarity is governed by whatever base was used in the reaction. For example, calcium hydroxide is notorious for producing salts with poor water solubility. So if you react 5-OH-DMT with the strong base calcium hydroxide at pH 12 (as is done when making Yopo or Vilca snuff), it becomes the calcium salt of 5-O-DMT (currently being called calcium bufotenate, but perhaps calcium bufotenoxide is more appropriate?). It becomes a salt with very poor water solubility, much like other calcium salts. However, if you use sodium hydroxide, it becomes the sodium salt of 5-O-DMT, which I’ve heard is very water soluble and toxic. I have no experience with sodium bufotenate, so please don’t quote me on that. Is anyone out there willing to test sodium bufotenate (or sodium bufotenoxide, whatever you want to call it)?
What’s even more interesting is that because 5-O-DMT is not bufotenin, it should be legal in nearly all countries, even in the US.:D However, if you react 5-O-DMT with an acid, like the acid in your stomach, hydrochloric acid, the reaction is reversed and it becomes 5-OH-DMT hydrochloride (bufotenine hydrochloride), which is illegal only in the US (as far as I know).