No. The original speedball was invented by our (America's) Servicemen stationed in Japan after we nuked their asses. They used either morphine or heroin, I'm not 100% and definitely amp or methamp.
http://www.drugtext.org/library/books/recreationaldrugs/amphetamines.htm
This alone isn't very useful, though it confirms what I've talked about. The recreational IV use of opioid and stimulant first shows up shortly after the 1930s or 1940s.
I've heard it stated that Freud invented the speedball, but this is almost certainly not true as Freuds interest in Cocaine was to end morphinism, as was the common parlance, not to get high.