Little Aussie BioSphere™ contains a selection of small, captive bred, Australian native critters. Living inside each sphere are tiny marine snails and a number of very busy and playful ball shaped marine Ostracod shrimp that playfully swim about in their crystal habitat. Additionally the little Ostrocod's will continuously reproduce live young inside the sphere to replace those that die from old age, each shrimp having a natual life span of three to four months or more.
Here is how a "closed ecosystem" such as Little Aussie BioSphere™ works
Light (sun or artificial light) makes the algae grow.
Algae produce oxygen bubbles and food for the seed shrimp.
Seed shrimp and snails eat the algae as food and breathe in the oxygen.
Seed shrimp and snails produce waste carbon dioxide whilst breathing out and solid waste material from eating the algae.
The microscopic bacteria then feed on the waste from the Seed Shrimp and snail's, breaking the waste matter down into nutrients.
The algae use the nutrients and the carbon dioxide breathed out by the shrimp and snails (and light energy) to grow back, so the shrimp will have yet another meal.
And round and round goes the cycle for the shrimp, snails and algae as each species goes through numerous generations.
As long as nothing disturbs this balance (such as too much heat or too little light), everything lives in harmony. Just as on Earth.