Induction of general anesthesia was uneventful and consisted of precurarization followed by the administration of thiopental and an intubating dose of succinylcholine, 2 mg per kg. No masseter muscle rigidity was noted. Anesthesia was maintained with isoflurane and nitrous oxide.
Approximately four and one-half hours into the operation, frequent cardiac arrhythmias developed. At this time, the patient's temperature rose from 37.2*C (99*F) to 39*C (102.2*F).
A treatment protocol for malignant hyperthermia was immediately started. The procedure and all anesthetics were stopped. The patient was removed from the breathing circuit, 100 percent oxygen was given and dantrolene was administered intravenously. Cooling maneuvers consisted of ice lavage to the bladder, cooled intravenous fluids and packing in ice.
The patient progressed to a fulminant malignant hyperthermic crisis with hypotension, hemorrhage secondary to disseminated intravascular coagulation, and renal failure. Resuscitative efforts included circulatory assist with cardiac bypass and the administration of vasopressors, high volumes of packed red blood cells and blood products. Despite these efforts, the patient's condition deteriorated, and she died approximately 12 hours later. Her highest documented temperature was 42 [degrees]C (107.6*F).