DARVO
Deny. Attack. Reverse Victim and Offender.
Deny: The person flatly denies that the harmful behavior or event ever happened. They may also minimize it ("It wasn't that big a deal") or use gaslighting to make victim doubt own memory.
Attack: Instead of addressing the issue, the person attacks the credibility, character, or motives of the person confronting them. They might call victim a liar, crazy, overly sensitive, or malicious.
Reverse Victim and Offender: The person flips the script and claims they are the real victim. They position themselves as the injured party and paint victim as the abuser or aggressor.
D-list budhindchristian notes that Qanon was a stonking success and that reactance and false balance are appealing to those who are subject to conformation bias i.e. those who ignore any evidence that doesn't align with their prejudice because admission of fault causes cognative disonnance (often termed 'inconvenient truth') is a definite demographic driven by three core human weaknesses,
1. Epistemic Needs (Understanding & Certainty)
Humans are wired to look for patterns, cause-and-effect, and meaning. Random, chaotic, or complex events create discomfort (cognitive dissonance), which conspiracy theories instantly resolve
Rejecting randomness: It feels easier to accept that a hidden, powerful group caused a major crisis than to accept that devastating things happen by chance.
Proportionality bias: People naturally assume big events must have big, intentional causes rather than small, accidental ones.
Clear narratives: Conspiracy theories offer neat, non-falsifiable answers when official explanations are evolving or incomplete.
2. Existential Needs (Safety & Control)
When people feel anxious, powerless, or threatened by their environment, they seek ways to regain a sense of agency.
Illusion of control: Believing you have uncovered a "secret plot" makes you feel alert and protected against hidden dangers.
Identifying a concrete villain: Blaming a specific cabal or institution turns a vague, uncontrollable fear (like a pandemic or economic crash) into a tangible enemy you can theoretically fight or avoid.
Crisis triggers: Spikes in conspiratorial belief reliably follow wars, elections, natural disasters, and rapid social change when personal control feels lowest.
3. Social Needs (Belonging & Status)
Humans need to feel valued by others and maintain a positive image of themselves and their social group.
Special status ("Need for Uniqueness"): Knowing "the truth" while 99% of people are "asleep" provides a boost in self-esteem and intellectual superiority.
In-group bonding: Online communities and echo chambers offer instant camaraderie to people who feel isolated, ostracised, or ignored by mainstream institutions.
Defending group identity: When a person's political, cultural, or social group faces criticism or defeat, conspiracy theories allow them to frame their side as the righteous victim of a rigged system.
Conclusion:
One needs to accept the world is big, complex and scary for all of us. None of us are 'special' and the need for external validation from digital media where anyone can claim anything is self-defeating.
Never forget - stupidity abhors a vacuum.