Answering this question requires an understanding of how color vision works. The part of the human eye that catches light is called the retina. On the retina are two types of cells that respond to light, "rod" cells and "cone" cells. The rod cells are highly sensitive but do not distinguish colors, so they are responsible for colorless night-vision. The cone cells need more light to work, but they allow us to see in color.
The human eye contains three types of cone cells: "S" for "short wavelength," "M" for "medium wavelength," and "L" for "long wavelength." As their names imply, each type responds to a different wavelength of light. The human-visible light spectrum is the 400 nanometer to 700 nm range. Light in the 400-450 nm range activates "S" cones strongly while activating the "M" and "L" cones little or not at all. The brain interprets that signal as "blue" or "violet." In the 450 to 500 range, the "S" and "M" cones respond strongly while the "L" cones do not, so our brain interprets these wavelengths as "cyan" or "green." By moving up the spectrum we can find the rest of the visible colors.
You might be interested to know that your computer screen only has three colors on it, ever. The screen is covered with tiny red, green, and blue lights. It uses the fact that our eyes only really "see" those three colors, and tricks our brains into thinking that more colors are there. Wherever your screen is white, thats where the red,green, and blue lights are all on (when all three cone types are activated, our brain sees "white"). Wherever it is yellow, that's where the red and green lights are on(when "M" and "L" are both activated, "yellow"). In the BL logo, just the blue lights are on (with a tiny bit of red and green, giving "light blue").
So the question is, can psychedelic drugs change the wavelengths that cone cells respond to? The answer is no, and the reason lies in an even deeper understanding of how they work. Each cone cell has pigment molecules on its surface that react when they're hit with a certain wavelength of light, in fact the main difference between the three cone cell types is that each uses a slightly different pigment molecule. In order for our eyes to "register" infra-red light, some cone cells would have to switch to a different pigment. I've seen a dubious theory that this can accomplished by adopting a certain diet, but that such a change would be caused by PD's is extremely unlikely.
We can't see UV light because the lens of the eye blocks it (well, most of it). The reason it's blocked is because UV light causes damage to rod and cone cells - that's why you shouldn't stare at the sun.
IMHO, it's much more likely that the changes in color perception caused by PD's are caused by changes in the way that the brain interprets signals from cone cells, not by changes in the cone cells themselves.
