^ i think the only substances that are off base are psychedelics
caffeine and alcohol should be in the top 5
There is WAY more wrong with that list than that!
Ok, I'm reversing the order of the list Polluted_Mind posted to it easier to compare with the lists in my following post:
#1 - Tobacco
#2 - Crack
#3 - Ice, Glass
#4 - Crystal Meth
#5 - Oxycodone
#6 - Heroin
#7 - Diazepam
#8 - Quaalude
#9 - Seconal
#10 - Alcohol
#11 - Amphetamine
#12 - Cocaine
#13 - Caffeine
#14 - PCP
#15 - Cannabis
#16 - Ecstasy
#17 - LSD
#18 - Psilocybin Mushrooms
#19 - Mescaline
#20 - Methadone
This list is touted on various internet forums/websites as the list of the "top 20 most addictive drugs". Which it is NOT! And it's not even
supposed to be.
Of course, "most addictive" depends on what one
means by "most addictive", there are so many factors to consider, and individuals are going to be very different, but those are whole other topics. On
any factor this list is
all sorts of fucked up. Psychedelics shouldn't even be on there. Who even does Quaaludes or Seconal these days - is this list from the 1970s?!? What is the difference between "Crystal Meth" and "Ice, Glass"? Why in the hell should methadone rank
last? Methadone is horribly dependence-causing. And why are some drugs so specific like "diazepam" instead of just "benzodiazepines"?
So, I did some research on it:
Where is this list from?? I can't find an original source, but sites posting it claim it was compiled based on 2 sources:
-
In Health magazine: an article featuring a survey by John Hastings (published 1990);
-
Marijuana's Perceived Addictiveness: A Survey of Clinicians and Researchers: a survey by Robert Gore and Mitchell Earlywine, from their book
Pot Politics: Marijuana and the Politics and the Costs of Prohibition (published 2006).
In Health magazine doesn't even exist anymore, but I did find out the article was based on asking so-called "experts" (no idea who they were, how many or
when this was) their
opinions to rank the 18 specific drugs they were asked about -
only the drugs on the list - on their "addictiveness" level, based on two primary factors:
For the "average" person, a) how likely are they to get addicted, and b) how unlikely are they to quit.
Their results (ranked on a scale of 0-100):
#1 - Nicotine (100/100)
#2 - Smoked methamphetamine (99/100)
#3 - Smoked crack cocaine (98/100)
#4 - IV methamphetamine (93/100)
#5 - Diazepam (Valium) (85/100)
#6 - Methaqualone (Quaalude) (83/100)
#7 - Secobarbital (Seconal) (82/100)
#8 - Alcohol (81/100)
#9 - Heroin (80/100)
#10 - Nasally administered amphetamine (78/100)
#11 - Nasally administered cocaine (72/100)
#12 - Caffeine (68/100)
#13 - PCP (57/100)
#14 - Cannabis (21/100)
#15 - MDMA (20/100)
#16 - Psilocybin Mushrooms (18/100)
#17 - LSD (18/100)
#18 - Mescaline (18/100)
It was just based on 18 drugs that were perceived (by who?) to be some of the most commonly used drugs at the time (whenever that was, it could have been significantly earlier than the publication date) ranking them
in comparison to the other drugs on the list.
Marijuana's Perceived Addictiveness: A Survey of Clinicians and Researchers was an internet survey on the
opinions of 746 "experts": addiction researchers, clinicians specializing in addiction, and general psychotherapists. Respondents rated their opinion on 3 factors:
a) addiction, b) tolerance and c) withdrawal potential of 12 drugs -
and only those 12 drugs - in order to come up with a
relative generalized ranking. Again, this was just a comparison between the drugs on the list. Interestingly, respondents who had more education and had written more published articles generally gave lower ratings, while those with more clinical contact with specific groups of patients gave higher ratings. So basically someone's experience and education regarding drugs significantly affected their answers (just like how someone here on Bluelight who has only ever been addicted to heroin and has no experience with, say, benzos or methadone might say "heroin is the most addictive drug"). And someone whose job is treating addicts is not going to have much exposure to people who use a drug without getting addicted.
Their results, (ranked on a scale of 0 to 7):
#1 - Heroin (6.62/7)
#2 - Nicotine (6.54/7)
#3 - Crack cocaine (6.48/7)
#4 - Oxycodone (6.25/7)
#5 - Methamphetamine (6.05/7)
#6 - Cocaine (5.86/7)
#7 - Alcohol (5.84/7)
#8 - Amphetamine (5.71/7)
#9 - Caffeine (4.64/7)
#10 - Cannabis (4.46/7)
#11 - MDMA (4.21/7)
#12 - LSD (3.26/7)
Tolerance alone is not an accurate measure of addictiveness, and some psychedelics rapidly create tolerance - for example LSD doesn't work very well if you take it within a week of previously taking it - that does not mean it's addictive!
Conclusion: Both of these surveys have been debunked, they merely measure the
perception of the people asked, nothing more, and better/more recent surveys/studies have very different results. I have no idea how those 2 unrelated sources, measuring
perception of
different aspects of addiction, were somehow cobbled together to purportedly come up with the above-mentioned list. Who came up with that list? How did they determine the rankings? Why did they even put methadone on the list, since it wasn't on
either of the surveys?
Why on earth do they think that it could be interpreted as a list of the "top 20 most addictive drugs"? *head explodes*
(BTW, Polluted_Mind, don't take this as directed at you, I know you said you didn't agree with the list
)