are pain patients generally receiving adequate analgesia, or are they systematically under-dosed? I don't hang out at pain clinics so I have no idea.
It really varies widely... largely by region but also from doctor to doctor and clinic to clinic. Compared to a lot of places in the world, opioids are a lot easier to get prescribed and we have more access to a lot of treatments that aren't as widely available elsewhere such as nerve blocks, epidural steroid injections, implanted patient-controlled analgesia pumps, bio/neurofeedback and so on.
There are certainly a lot of pain patients who are not getting adequate treatment but I think this is exaggerated on BL because you have a lot of young people who use/abuse drugs either lying to their doctors or themselves that they require 160mg oxy/day to be able to function when in reality, this is exceptionally rare and they should be pursuing more sustainable ways to manage their pain.
On the other end of the spectrum, when older people have serious/chronic conditions (especially if they are terminal), the US is probably the easiest place to get prescribed narcotic analgesics. There are always exceptions and individual doctors who are unwilling to prescribe adequate medications, but all-in-all doctors here prescribe opioids more freely than just about anywhere in the world.
I have nerve damage in my leg that causes chronic pain and since I was always open and honest with my physicians, always deferred to them, did not insist on opioids but tried absolutely anything to find relief, my doctors trusted me and allowed me to use opioids as one tool in my pain management regimen that included a lot of non-narcotic analgesics, physical therapy, steroid injections, counseling and more. I made the decision after about 4 years of treatment that I wanted to find ways to manage the pain without having to take 15-20 total prescription pills per day and worked with my physicians to find ways that I could manage my pain without them.
A substantial portion of young chronic pain patients have a history of drug use and I've observed both through pain management and years of training to be a drug counselor that as part of the addictive process, many young addicts convince themselves they need pain medication when in reality their pain isn't that severe or really there at all. You see loads of people with diagnoses like migraines, fibromyalgia and others that don't easily show up on diagnostic tests who insist that NSAIDs hurt their stomach, PT doesn't do anything and the only thing that works for them is IR dilaudid that they say they need to snort or shoot because orally it's too weak) so when patients like this make up such a high percentage of the young people physicians see for chronic pain, they are more weary and less likely to treat the legitimate patients adequately.
I've known a lot of doctors who truly care about their patients and want to help but they are so worried about feeding addictions or creating them that it puts them in impossible positions. It's not a good idea to get really young people (typically 18-25) hooked on a large doses of opioids for their entire lives but a lot of young 'pain patients' will come on BL and rail against any physician who doesn't give them high doses of opioids no questions asked.