Allylbenzene
Bluelighter
- Joined
- Jul 25, 2025
- Messages
- 982
The N,N dimethyl homolog of mescaline seems to be inactive at comparable doses. Do you have any examples of tertiary amine phenethylamines maintaining 5HT2a agonism/psychedelic effects?
There are no examples as far as i'm aware. It's why I wrote the proposed pathway. It would be nice to properly characterise the metabolites that are formed under different enzyme environments (eg full ALDH inhibiton).
The potential for ALDH inhibition to potentiate/promote activity of different substances was being discussed prior to someone applying it to mescaline. I participated on the forum many years ago so followed the discussion as it evolved. ALDH inhibition was also found to significantly potentiate the effects of plain phenethylamine & tryptamine, likely involving their aldehyde metabolites. This implies some sort of amination occuring but I haven't found any research on this beyond formation of bio-active tetrahydroisoquinolines/beta carbolines via dopamine/phenethylamine/serotonin and acetaldehyde/dopaldehyde. (eg tetrahydropapaveroline, salsolinol, 1MeTIQ, tryptoline)
www.frontiersin.org/journals/behavioral-neuroscience/articles/10.3389/fnbeh.2013.00104/fullAcetaldehyde is a highly reactive compound that interacts with several endogenous neurochemicals in the brain to form a number of additional biologically active products (Cohen and Collins, 1970; Davis and Walsh, 1970; Walsh et al., 1970; Cohen, 1976). With regard to neurobiological and behavioral testing of the byproducts of ACD, the majority of attention has focused on two main classes of compounds which are formed through condensation of ACD with the catecholamines. The first class of compounds, the tetrahydroisoquinoline alkaloids (THIQs), are formed through both the direct and indirect condensation of ACD with the monoamines: dopamine, epinephrine, and norepinephrine (Cohen, 1976). The tetrahydro-beta-carbolines (TBCs) on the other hand, are formed through the reaction of ACD with the indoleamines: tryptophan and tryptamine (Buckholtz, 1980). The THIQs tetrahydropapaveroline (THP) and salsolinol (SAL) have received the most attention as to their role in alcohol use-disorders as both compounds can be detected in the brain following EtOH administration. The TBCs have received considerably less attention and contradictory data exists as to their contribution to the neurobiological effects of EtOH.
Mescaline metabolites & ALDH inhibition
The major and minor metabolic routes of mescaline are presented in (Fig. 5). In rabbit, mescaline metabolism occurs mainly in the liver by the action of an amine oxidase. While showing a significantly lower expression of amine oxidase, the lung also contributes for the clearance of mescaline, due to a larger blood flow, in comparison with the liver [75]. Mescaline undergoes detoxification mainly by oxidative deamination into an intermediate and unstable aldehyde, 3,4,5-trimethoxyphenylacetaldehyde, that is rapidly oxidized to the inactive TMPA or reduced to the inactive 3,4,5-trimethoxyphenylethanol [68, 71, 76, 77]. The fact that the peak of mescaline effects does not coincide with its peak concentration in brain, provided evidence on the contribution of its metabolites for hallucinogenic effects. In agreement, a study with rats treated with calcium carbimide (i.e., an aldehyde dehydrogenase inhibitor) showed that the metabolism into acid and alcohol follows the oxidation of mescaline to the aldehyde, whose concentration increased by metabolic inhibition, thus implicating this metabolite in the effects of the drug [43, 77]. The enzyme responsible for the deamination of mescaline to the aldehyde derivative is still a controversial issue among the scientific community. This reaction may be carried out by a monoamine oxidase (MAO) or a diamine oxidase (DAO). Studies with mice have shown that this route is inhibited by TPN, nicotinamide, iproniazid, semicarbazid, and other inhibitor compounds of mono or diamine oxidase [43, 78]. However, some authors discredit the role of these enzymes, as there are studies where their inhibition showed little relevance in the alteration of the metabolic profile, suggesting the existence of a mescaline oxidase [76, 79].
Pharmacokinetic and Pharmacodynamic Aspects of Peyote and Mescaline: Clinical and Forensic Repercussions - PMC
Mescaline (3,4,5-trimethoxyphenethylamine), mainly found in the Peyote cactus (Lophophora williamsii), is one of the oldest known hallucinogenic agents that influence human and animal behavior, but its psychoactive mechanisms remain poorly ...
Another interesting study on mescaline activity & drugs in general
Novel, unifying mechanism for mescaline in the central nervous system: Electrochemistry, catechol redox metabolite, receptor, cell signaling and structure activity relationships - PMC
A unifying mechanism for abused drugs has been proposed previously from the standpoint of electron transfer. Mescaline can be accommodated within the theoretical framework based on redox cycling by the catechol metabolite with its quinone ...
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