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the genetic influence of drugs

random mutations definitely account for a few anomalies which previously had me stumped, but they are quite simply that, anomalies

two examples,

the long nosed monkey (pointless nose)

our own tasmanian devil, which is basically being wiped out by a cancerous disease
 
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the same physical and chemical processes which enable a life form to develop specific adaptations within their life time is also facilitating a marginal change at the genetic level through repetition of that behaviour.

This.


It's just logical, and inherently more plausible than complete random mutation.

You guys are taking science too seriously, evolution is still just a theory, remember?
 
Though I see you have taken onboard sexual selection which you vehemently denied a few months back so maybe there is some hope
you were advocating sexual selection as a driving force behind mutation, which it isn't. sexual selection comes afterwards

this argument you presented was in response to a comment i made, that there is nothing but the environment driving these mutations, which there isn't. it doesn't matter if you believe it is random or a direct consequence, it is still environmental
If you really believe genes change due to environmental pressures - answer my question - how come amputees don't give birth to babies missing the same limb?
chopping someones leg off isn't a progressive physiological influence causing an adaptive response, it is an acute debilitating injury
 
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and
A percentage (maybe even up to 99 % ) of human's DNA is 'junk dna' , it does nothing, but isn't disadvantageous, so it sticks around
the correct answer is it has no known function

these unknown sequences have nothing to do with anything which has been raised

if mutations were entirely random evolution would have no direction. natural selection does not define the direction of evolution, it refines it

very little of what you say makes any actual sense, and even when it does it's usually irrelevant. like the above quote

you have stated that genes don't change over a life time, but if genes don't change, nothing is evolving. evolution is genetic change

every organism has genetic capacities for adaptation within their lifetime, and it's repetitious use or not of those capacities which facilitates a fractional change in the next generation. over many generations through repetition this equates to evolution

no genetic change means copy & paste.........which means no evolution

but then you also argue that mutation is random and not consequential

so which one is it, do genes not change or do they change randomly?

you don't even know what you are arguing about. all you are doing is deliberately disagreeing

get real, you're a troll. most of what you say is directed at me personally, and barely resembles a sound argument

even when you can mange to string a coherent sentence together you contradict yourself. you can't be taken seriously
 
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Spok, quit trolling. You must have something better to do with your time mate :/
 
that's an absolutely ridiculous comment. you're contributing to these discussion boards just as i am. by that logic don't you with nearly 2.5k posts to your name have anything better to do with your time

the whole point of discussion boards is to discuss, which is obviously on occasion going to result in disagreements. if the argument isn't subjective, which this one isn't, there is one factual reality which through and exchange can usually be uncovered. i don't care if i'm right or wrong, or if the answer is we just don't know, i'm interested in the truth

and i don't care if you don't like being wrong and take it personally. refuting blatantly flawed comments with a sound argument is not trolling - when the mods contact me and tell me to ease off i will listen

if you have nothing more to contribute than comments which have absolutely nothing to do with the subject matter and are simply personal attacks directed at the poster, why bother? what does it achieve
 
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great discussion....

@ Crankinit - some great input, at least you are contributing ;)

@ spok - **smiles

I have 2 brothers...1 of them is only 11 months younger the other 5 years difference. With my 11 month brother mdma pills dont really affect him that much (high tolerance). Me well I am low to medium tolerant. The other brother has a low tolerance. We always drop at the same time........same pills......my parents dont even take panadol.

Genetics ?

For genetics to be able to make a rapid change it would have to take at least 2 generations. YES we adapt but how quick and what changes - too many factors. We could only ASSUME on the extent really and not too forget stress to this genetic factor.

I have seen change in genetics first hand, let me elaborate....


My family comes from a mountainous region of the Balkans, picture short stocky mountain men. We all marry within the same village, but, we are a large village so we never marry too close ( 5th cousin and onwards ). Over time families have migrated to the valley. Over a few gen's we have noticed the children of the valley families grow very thin, long fingers, long feet, skinny and tall, twice the "height" of us mountain men.

Will drugs affect our genetics over time, OF COURSE it could. What changes ? I would be guessing really so I won't bother. Will it affect tolerance, good question.....suppose it could depending on the drug. Could it be passed on ? I doubt it very much, but then I could be wrong. Could you imagine passing on a gene that could tolerate amphetamines, highly unlikely. Can you see ?

Genetic and Adaptation never stops......we all agree that we adapt to surrounding factors, right ?

Hope this helps
 
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http://creationresearch.org/crsq/articles/40/40_4/Bergman.htm

Why Mammal Body Hair Is an Evolutionary Enigma

Jerry Bergman, Ph.D.

Ok so we can rule out environmental factors right ? Not really !! We evolved and adapted to changing environment...ice age...stone age. Now we see ourselves warming up so less hair. If it were to change and go back and go to stone age and ice age I believe over many ...........may..................many..............................................................................................................................................many..........................................................................................................................................................................many generations we would grow hair again. The rule of survival would thus take place once again (humans with more hair will be healthier under colder conditions, so more likely to survive cold harsh winters. Of course I can't prove this because I have no correct temp averages (recorded), but, assuming that we all believe of the stone and ice age and can agree that we have gotten warmer than at least ice age.

You could speed the process up I suppose if you select a hairy mate :p
 
and

the correct answer is it has no known function

these unknown sequences have nothing to do with anything which has been raised

if mutations were entirely random evolution would have no direction. natural selection does not define the direction of evolution, it refines it

very little of what you say makes any actual sense, and even when it does it's usually irrelevant. like the above quote

you have stated that genes don't change over a life time, but if genes don't change, nothing is evolving. evolution is genetic change

every organism has genetic capacities for adaptation within their lifetime, and it's repetitious use or not of those capacities which facilitates a fractional change in the next generation. over many generations through repetition this equates to evolution

no genetic change means copy & paste.........which means no evolution

but then you also argue that mutation is random and not consequential

so which one is it, do genes not change or do they change randomly?

you don't even know what you are arguing about. all you are doing is deliberately disagreeing

get real, you're a troll. most of what you say is directed at me personally, and barely resembles a sound argument

even when you can mange to string a coherent sentence together you contradict yourself. you can't be taken seriously

My arguments make sense, you're just either too thick, or I suspect, too obtuse to consider a point of view that isn't your own. Everything I have said has been a direct response to your posts inidcating where you've gone wrong and giving you evidence as to why.

Eveoltion is not genetic change over the lifetime. Mutations occur when my DNA is copied into my offspring - random mutations. If these are beneficial, that individual is more likely to survive and reproduce. Genes do change from parent to offsrping, but not in response to environment, they are random mutations.

How is chopping your leg off any less of an environmental pressure than tanning? How does your body 'know' that tanning is adaptive and chopping your leg off isn't? It doesn't, simply, if tanning is advantageous, you're more likely to reproduce and pass that gene on, if it isn't (if, by random mutation you're born with darker skin in an area with less sunlight, so it's diadvantageous) you are less likely to breed before you die, so that gene becomes less common.

It's funny to see you arguing on something you obviously know nothing about, and when my arguments stump you, you fall to the attack that I can't manage to string a cohrent sentence together. Maybe it just takes a certain level of intelligence to understand them ;). Read some books and articles on the subject before you try and defend your understanding of evolution, which is quite simply wrong.
 
it's adaptation, it's a fact.......the environment an animal is in will cause physiological changes which are passed down genetically, the genetic changes aren't significant over a single generation, even ten generations but over millions of years a big change occurs

That's not how it works, the environment the animal is in will cause the ill suited to die out, leaving only the well suited. There is no adaption in genetics, only survival of the fittest.

darkER skin might be preferred by the opposite sex, and lighter skin preferred by predators and disease, so you might get more darker skinned people out and about, but it isn't natural selection which has caused the skin to colour, the suns uv rays have done that

in this example, the darker skinned people would procreate, while the lighter skinned died, the darker passed on there genes, and through random mutations and variations where one odd child out of many is darker than the others, and is given preference, while the others are ignored and die out, this happening continuously you eventually get a very dark child. The small changes keep adding up. It's not the sun making peoples skin darker, it'd be people being born with skin that is better at producing melanin and making them darker. So it is natural selection.


I really doubt the original question about ancestors has any basis.
 
can you guys tell me if i've got it right............

there's a bunch of light skinned people in africa, they give birth to some which have randomly mutated and become darker

because they are darker they are better suited to the african sun, so the lighter skinned one's die off leaving the darker one's

and this keeps happening until eventually all africans are dark

is this right?
 
that's all good dude i just wanted to make sure i had properly considered the other view point :)
 
Maybe it just takes a certain level of intelligence to understand them
you are indeed that certain level of intelligence my friend

i will try not to be obtuse in future, thanks for the constructive criticism mate, your input is highly valued by all :)

i'm going to go and read a couple of articles and a book now which will hopefully help me understand the complex model of evolution you have explained to me so well

take care
 
This.


It's just logical, and inherently more plausible than complete random mutation.

You guys are taking science too seriously, evolution is still just a theory, remember?

When scientists use the word theory, it has a different meaning to normal everyday use. In science, a theory is not a guess, not a hunch. It's a well-substantiated, well-supported, well-documented explanation for our observations.

Some people think that in science, you have a theory, and once it's proven, it becomes a law. That's not how it works. A theory never becomes a law. In fact, if there was a hierarchy of science, theories would be higher than laws. There is nothing higher, or better, than a theory. Laws describe things, theories explain them. An example will help you to understand this. There's a law of gravity, which is the description of gravity. It basically says that if you let go of something it'll fall. It doesn't say why. Then there's the theory of gravity, which is an attempt to explain why. Actually, Newton's Theory of Gravity did a pretty good job, but Einstein's Theory of Relativity does a better job of explaining it. These explanations are called theories, and will always be theories. They can't be changed into laws, because laws are different things. Laws describe, and theories explain.

Just because it's called a theory of evolution, doesn't mean that it's just a guess. The Theory of Evolution by Natural Selection is our best explanation for the fact of evolution.

Evolution is not just a theory, it's triumphantly a theory!
 
Interesting argument :)

Footscrazy brought up epigeneitcs on page one but it hasn't been discussed much since. Dr Karl from triple J, etc, has a good couple of articles on it in layman's terms (for the non-intellectual types like myself). Worth a five minute read:

http://www.abc.net.au/science/articles/2009/10/21/2720208.htm
http://www.abc.net.au/science/articles/2009/10/27/2725524.htm
http://www.abc.net.au/science/articles/2009/11/04/2733310.htm

Of interest:

In mid-1944, the Allies landed in Europe, to boot out the occupying Nazi forces. In Holland, the Allies staged Operation Market Garden, to gain control of the bridge across the Rhine river at Arnhem (This is the event portrayed in the movie A Bridge Too Far).

The local Dutch also rose in rebellion against the Nazi regime. But Operation Market Garden failed miserably, the Allies were defeated, and the Dutch citizens were punished by having their food restricted.

The adult rations were dropped to as low as 580 calories per day, about one quarter of the minimum.

Unfortunately, the winter of 1944–45 was unusually harsh, making greater demands on the available food. It was later called the Dutch Famine of 1944, or the Hunger Winter.
As you would expect, in the mid-1940s, the pregnant women gave birth to smaller-than-normal babies — after all, they were being starved.

But here's the weird part. When these girl babies grew up into women, and in the 1960s had babies themselves, their new babies were also smaller than normal. And, when these girls grew up, in the 1980s they in turn gave birth to babies that were smaller than normal.

So it seems that the terrible famine experienced by the pregnant mothers in 1944–45 made permanent changes to the DNA of their children, which got carried down to the next generation, and the generation after that.
 
my dear little friend footscrazy,

having gone off and now read a few good articles and a book i feel I am ready to give you, any entertained readers, and this subject the attention it deserves…

i am sure the evolutionary model you are basing this agenda on is the stick insect you learned about in primary school. however what you may not know is that the species would go extinct through it’s own random mutations were it not for the later evolution of sexes, which basically prevents random mutation

i’ll sum this up before i explain it in detail. the theory of random mutation quite simply is not plausible in the real world

first you need a mechanism, maybe a virus, a foreign chemical, mal-nutrition whatever

now you need natural selection

predation. you are assuming that there are predators present, which there may not be, perhaps this animal is the apex predator in it’s environment. without predation the original species and it’s random mutational off-shoots will continue to survive regardless of their mutation, beneficial, neutral, or detrimental providing there is a steady food supply. and there are plenty of examples of species’ coexisting successfully on the same food supply. your statement that there aren’t any freakish animals around today because “they aren’t adaptive” doesn’t cut the mustard in this regard unfortunately because it doesn’t make sense. read this paragraph again if you want an explanation for that

sexual selection. if the mutation is too significant, the animal will most likely be rejected by it’s own species let alone able to live, be sexually accepted by another member of the original species, and reproduce. but if the mutation is not significant enough, all three mutational possibilities will have an equal chance of survival, again leading to chaotic evolution. these two factors alone cancel out the evolutionary model of random mutation, but there is further evidence against it

the mutation regardless of it’s nature may not even be inherited by it’s off-spring, as only one of the mating pare may have had this mutation, so it will be lost to chance. with the sheer number of mutational possibilities (internal and external) getting any sort of consistency in long term evolution would be near impossible

in this imaginary world of yours not only would life have to contend with a changing environment, but also it’s own random mutations. quite simply, life could not be sustained this way

random mutations are accidents which most often work against life, not for it, we know them for the most part as diseases and deformities

you ask things like “how is environmental influence any different to chopping someone’s leg off” and say things like “your genes don’t know what your environment is” which is a pretty clear indication that you just don’t have the necessary base knowledge to understand advanced concepts

But the answer to this for you and any non-erratic people who might be interested is, chopping someone’s leg off isn’t a progressive physiological influence causing an adaptive response (as I did say already…). the condition of life is basically a consequence of movement, bone density, muscle composition, tissue condition is all a consequence of movements within the environment. removing a limb isn’t a chemical process within the body which has caused recession or advance in the genetic range (this is known as atrophy and hypertrophy), it’s just removing a piece of the body - which is obviously no longer communicating with the central nervous system. if there’s no chemical process involved, it will obviously have no effect on the genetic material, which will remain the same

repetition of these movements over lots and lots of generations is what equates to evolution. evolution is such a slow process as the changes to genetic material are marginal, almost irrelevant in a single generation, even a hundred generations which is why your african ring necks have no noticeable inherited condition

i am aware that evolution through natural selection was first proposed by darwin himself. albert einstein believed in god, and hated the idea of chance. the moral of this is even these people can be wrong, they didn't have the knowledge available to them that we do

you go on about you and me, how I don’t understand evolution and am obtuse (none of which equates to a logical argument by the way) which leads me to believe that you’re intimidated by me in some way. you boast about your own intelligence which leads me to believe that you’re compensating for a threat in this regard. maybe you fancy yourself as more intelligent than others and don’t like the idea of someone who understands something you don’t, but I don’t know why, you are just as capable of understanding the same things as me. “you an me” is irrelevant, all that matters is the reality

a lot of the time when someone is insecure about something they will accuse other people of that insecurity to comfort themselves, which is known as pathological lying. which leads me to believe you have a bit of a history of being obtuse yourself (infact you are now)

you do a lot to differentiate yourself from people who believe in god, but you are actually demonstrating the same behaviour as them. infact this reminds me of futile arguments I have seen these people have with atheists such as your self. you’re clinging to a compulsive idea because you emotionally depend on it, by which I mean you will feel “not smart” if you accept that your preconceived ideas of evolution were flawed. but it doesn’t make you not smart, you just weren’t aware of the evidence, none of us are born knowing it all

i don’t think you ever even cared about the reality, i think you are just unconditionally committed to the idea that there is no god because it scares you, you don’t actually understand evolution or make any honest effort to do so, you just regurgitate what you read because it suits your agenda. you are exactly the same as people who believe in god

ignorance combined with arrogance is a bad mix, and is responsible for slowing progress everywhere on the planet. it is a disease fueled by fear

my advice to you would be forget about being an atheist, just be a realistic person. don’t be scared of the truth, whatever it is, just flow with the evidence. have the courage to face every possibility even if you don’t like it and you win every time. if you think you’re right and find out you’re not, who cares, being wrong inevitably leads to the right answer anyway. if you cling to something you're never going to be anything more than you are now
 
Someone earlier mentioned how genetics would influence stomach/liver enzymatic functions - this would be the most important part of tollerance to drugs, especially opiates.

Some families have poor CYP2D6 producers, this can, as a fact - significantly increase tollerance to all drugs which are metabolized by this enzyme (and theres a shitload - mdma and codeine included).

It is also observed that certain races are more defined drug takers than others - and i theorize this would be due to exposure of drugs over time. Many europeans, and other countries that have been desensitized to drug culture, especially over the past few hundred years - have significantly increased tollerance, lowered drug related death rates and other factors that would show genetics to be a part of this.

I'll also use my lineage as an example. My family has an extensive drug history, with only one drug related death in the family - whilst many of us have had near death experiences, these have all been implicated with about 5x the dosage taken by, lets use heath ledger as an example. I think this would prove some form of genetic tollerance, or preconditioning that has occured over time.

Obviously when it comes to black and whites, and fucking yellow and brown - all these factors arise because over time, those dominant genes have been favoured and allowed to pollute the gene pool. On the same note, look at america - now this could be due to reduced climate or cross breeding of whites/blacks/browns/yellows - but 'african americans' not all, but alot - have significantly lighter skin than their african counterparts. I'd also theorize, as i said - that it could be the cross breeding of predominantly people of caucasion and latino descent. But i don't doubt in my mind that the climate would also have something to do with why they are lighter. Hell look at michael jackson, he turned white, and claims its a skin disease (i've actually witnessed a turk friend of mine with a similar genetic disease, as his skin had white blotches appearing and getting larger - when his normal skin colour was extremely dark).

I really sit on the middle of the fence in this argument - because there is no right or wrong. 101 things can effect humans. it's that simple. Ideally i sit more toward genetics as the reason for things because i am not a creationist, i'm a realist.
 
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Chemi: A Theory is an educated guess more or less. Because no matter how you put it - the law of gravity is correct, what goes up - must come down. However the theory to why this is correct - is just a guess. No one really knows for sure, although we believe we do. What if tomorrow, a new scientist were to say the atmosphere is actually a reverse polarized magnetic field that forced everything, regardless of mass, in some way - toward the ground?

It works as an explanation also. Once substanciated a little, by a few of my toadies - it'd be a scientific theory also. More than one theory makes up a conclusion ;)
 
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