Do you pre-wet them with isopropyl alcohol ever? That would be enlightening on the whole issue of -philic vs. -phobic membranes.
Right now, I'm using 0.45's from Biomed Scientific and 0.22's from LabZhang, both #100 tubs and both perfectly OK. I guess I like Biomed a little better but I'm not sure why. Otherwise, KSTech and Linktor/Labfil are still making #20 & #25 packs that I've bought in the past. IIRC one of them (I'm not sure which) was a step down in quality though still usable.
But I think the ones from Allpure Biotechnology are my all-time favorites, sold (then as now) in units of #20 & #100. They felt sturdier to me in their construction and shape, and therefore less likely to explode or crack, I thought. And instead of blanks color-coded seemingly at random, theirs were all an opaque clear with the specs nicely printed on the wheel.
I used to always flush my filters with water before use (having learned of it here, in all likelihood) but gave it up this past year. IIRC, it was intended to minimize the loss of drug solution to the filter, but I didn't notice much impact on that. Whenever using the 0.45um filter, I flush it afterward with water (usually 30% of the previous amount), which should recover anything lost, I figure.
With the 0.22um filter, I "flush" it using air when I'm done filtering. Without disconnecting the filter, I pull the plunger back and yank it out of the barrel (with a *pop*). Then, I jam it back in and press slowly, forcing liquid out of the membrane all the way down. There's much more air pressure this way vs. a plain vacuum, to the point that it often sprays out a foam of solution (not pretty).
Here's an article that might be of interest, authored by Sterifilt-affiliated researchers. They looked at a few relevant questions, like "to what extent does heat affect a solution's strength?" and "how great in quantity/size are the particulates left by different filters? and "does rinsing a used filter with water succeed in recovering more?" Only one drug in one formulation was tested - morphine in a high-dose CR capsule like Skenan (which is commonly injected in France) - so it's not definitive by any means but it's still interesting.
Personally, I was a little surprised by the results they got with a post-filter rinse: "To examine whether more morphine can be recovered by rinsing wheel filters after filtration, these were rinsed using 0.3 mL of extra water. For the cold preparation, rinsing resulted in a slightly higher morphine content (57% versus 51% without rinsing). For the lukewarm technique, the total quantity of morphine recovered was not significantly higher after rinsing [87% instead of 86%]."
Much less than a previous study reported, as they discuss: "As mentioned, the virtually complete extraction by Mclean et al. [22], using both a hot and a cold technique, is probably due to a high initial volume (they used 3 mL), a relatively low morphine dosage (60 mg) and a long contact time (5 min).
They also experienced quite some loss inside wheel filters (about 36% of the initial 3-mL solution), but a rinse with 1 mL was successful to obtain most of the initial drug.
In our study, a rinse with 0.3 mL of water was not able to do so."
So what explains it? Do you really need 1ml, or at least more than 0.3ml, to clear a wheel filter? (They didn't specify their wheel filter's diameter in this study, AFAIK.) Or is it something else, like solution temperature or membrane type? (Theirs was PES.) Or is it just technique or what?
I just looked at the cited study and, in that study, they actually used CR morphine tablets and not capsules, since it was conducted in Australia where MSContin was injected most. Could that make the difference in how much drug is retained?
In the cited study, unfiltered solutions of one 60mg pill, cold and hot, contained 56mg & 59mg. If put straight through a 0.45um wheel filter with no pre-filtration, they gave back 34mg [60%] & 41mg [70%] after one pass. With the hot solution but not the cold, they tested the effect of a 1ml rinse and found it raised the total to 52mg [88%].
I'll sign off and leave you with this pretty encouraging takeaway (from same as above): "Commercial syringe filters (0.45 and 0.22 μm) produced a dramatic reduction in particles but tended to block unless used after a cigarette filter. Morphine was retained by all filters but could be recovered by following the filtration with one or two 1 ml washes.
The combined use of a cigarette filter then 0.22 μm filter, with rinses, enabled recovery of 90% of the extracted morphine in a solution which was essentially free of tablet-derived particles."