Chloramphenicol has side-effects listed like:
- (reversible) damage to the bone marrow;
independent from the dose can up tto 2-8 weeks after application an irreversible aplasia of the bone arrow occur
*
-
Grey-syndrome*
- neurotoxicity
- sensitization upon topical contact
- allergic reactions, including anaphylactic reactions
* and generalized urticaria upon systemic administration
-
Herxheimer-reaction
- in rare cases: irreversible form of aplastic anemia
*
* potentially resp. certainly lethal!
With
clonazepam (as well as with other nitro-containing benzodiazepines like nitrazepam), the usual therapeutic dose is
10-15 1.0-1.5 mg. That's almost nothing...
Not the best examples, I'd say.
When talking about stimulants, consumers
notoriously tend to use larger doses, repeat dosing and go on binges. In such cases, when the liver is already under considerable stress, the toxicity of nitro-aromatics can unfold easily:
The reductive metabolism of aromatic nitro-compounds goes to the corresponding amine, -NH2, a pathway that passes through the corresponding nitroso-derivative, followed by the hydroxylamines. That was shown to happen with clonazepam, too (
Fundam Clin Pharmacol 1993,
7, p.69). All mentioned intermediates, as well as the final anilines are not exactly healthy. The lack of serious and frequent side-effects for the benzodiazepines containing a nitro-group can be easily attributed to their low dosage.
Concluding, I'd still say with certainty that even if there may be exceptions, nitroaromatics are not the first choice in medicinal chemistry due to the frequently occuring toxicological problems associated with them.
Peace! -
Murphy