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What keeps you from exploding?

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Lightning-Nl

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Sodium, one of the most abundant chemicals in the human body is usually found in it's freebase form (Na+). Sodium is also very flammable in the presence of oxygen. We all breath in an enormous amount of oxygen every day. So what keeps all that sodium from spontaneously combusting?

Does the addition of the proton (that makes sodium Na+ rather than just Na) make it stable in the presence of oxygen? Or perhaps just resistant to oxidation?
 
Sodium, one of the most abundant chemicals in the human body is usually found in it's freebase form

Na+ is not a freebase, it's a charged cation of a salt. The "free base" (conjugate base) of Na+ is Na(0), elemental sodium. As you might have guessed, elemental sodium is rather stronger a reducing agent than sodium cation. (likes to donate electrons, be oxidised). Na(0) has one electron in its outer shell it is dying to get rid of. Na+ is already as oxidised as it can comfortably be. Na2+ is unheard of due to the unprecedentedly large energy barrier of stripping an additional electron out of a full shell.

Sodium is also not all that terribly reactive as an alkali metal, either. It is more reactive with water than it is with oxygen, I think. (and we are full of water.) Either way, people can handle it (with gloves) and cut it in open air without too much issue. I think it would have to be molten or finely divided to be a real pyrophoric. (I've heard some shit about potassium and sodium-potassium alloy.)

Na+ is also not "addition of a proton", it's loss of an electron. If you add a proton to Na, you get NaH (sodium hydride, Na+H-) - actually an industrial chemical used as a very strong base & as a precursor to sodium borohydride.

This is a good first year chemistry gedankenexperiment to demonstrate oxidation states... Na(0) and Cl2 are rather nasty but NaCl (Na+ Cl-) is not, explain why in a paragraph... 10 marks..
 
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