What Trauma Does do to Your Brain
Let's begin with what's happening in your brain when you experience trauma.
When you go through a traumatic experience, especially one that involves fear, helplessness,
or a threat to your safety, your brain goes into survival mode.
And that survival mode leaves fingerprints on three major areas of your brain.
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First, the amygdala. This is your brain's threat detector. It's like a smoke alarm that sounds the alarm or sounds an alert when something dangerous is happening.
During trauma, the amygdala becomes hyperactive, and long after the event is over, it can stay that way. And that's why people who've experienced trauma often feel constantly on edge, or overreact to things that seem minor to other people. Their alarm system becomes overly sensitive.
Next is the hippocampus. This area helps form and organize memories, but trauma disrupts this process. Instead of a clear, cohesive memory, you get fragmented,
disorganized impressions and some details may be missing entirely, while others, like sound or a smell that was associated, can be overwhelmingly vivid.
And this is why trauma memories often feel fragmented, like scattered puzzle pieces that don't fit together. Over time, chronic stress can even shrink the hippocampus,
which is one reason why memory problems are common after trauma.
Then there's the prefrontal cortex. And this is your brain's CEO, the part responsible for logic, planning and emotional regulation. When you're in survival mode, your prefrontal cortex takes a backseat. The amygdala says we're in danger, and the prefrontal cortex is temporarily shut down so that you can react fast. But after trauma, this imbalance can become chronic. You may struggle to focus, regulate your emotions, or make decisions because your thinking brain isn't fully online.
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