Very annoying feeling like you need to pee but you can't/don't. Sitting down helps but DMXE is as bad as ket for this.
Yep. It's agony.
That's something that has always concerned me about RC manufacturers bringing compounds that haven't even undergone animal testing to market. Nobody really knows what the potential risks are.
I've mentioned this before but I took the time to read through 114 patents assigned to Parke-Davis on the arylcyclohexylamine class of compound. Over 100 patents and the ONLY ring-substituents they covered were the chloro and alkoxy (methoxy, ethoxy, isopropoxy). One of the MOST important things a patent is intended to do is to prevnt other manufacturers from making what are termed 'me too' drugs. There are entire research teams who try to find active compounds that avoid and patent conflict.
So why didn't Parke-Davis patent ketamine homologues with other (pseudo)halogens? Why do all 114 patents only cover -Cl, -OCH3, -OCH2CH3 and O-CH(CH3)2 as ring-substituents? They did try different aromatics hence tiletamine and they did try various different N-substitutions (hence 114 patents).
But WHY did they ignore all the other (pseudo)halogens?
They certainly did test many of them in animal models. Now a weakness of drug studies is that none of them have to be made public. In a few cases this has resulded in disasters but if Parke-Davis with all of it's resources decided not to even patent the fluoro, bromo, alkyl and indeed any other ring-substitutions, I would be asking 'why', because they are in the position of knowing while we are not.
Don't forget, esketamine is an NMDA antagonis, arketamine is a DRI. So the racemate possesses both activities. It's compounds that retain that balance but which are more potent that Parke-Davis were searching for.
postimg.cc
Novel cyclohexanone compounds and process means for the production thereof
Publication Number: GB-1202834-A
Priority Date: 1968-05-08
Example 1 is CMXE
People have asked 'well, if CMXE is better than ketamine, why hasn't it replaced ketamine?'. Well, I could ask the same question about MXE. The reason is simple. Ketamine was a revolutionay new medicine able to relieve the most severe pain and be able to produce surgical anasthesia in a safer manner than existing agents. So while research continued, the management of Parke-Davis spent billions on having ketamine tested and introduced into medicine on a global scale. CMXE was only discovered 6 years later and since ketamine had no competition, why introduce something else?
BTW the way Parke-Davis (as US company) only took out a GB patent is interesting. My theory is that they didn't want competitors to be aware of the improved drug. I guess it meant that IF another company discovered a better medicine than ketamine, Parke-Daivs could quicky swap research to CMXE.
Since the 2000s, an increasing number of new psychoactive substances (NPS) have appeared on the drug market. Arylcyclohexylamine (ACH) compounds such as ketamine, phencyclidine and eticyclidine derivatives are of particular concern, given their rapidly increasing use and the absence of detailed...
www.mdpi.com
Reading the above makes me wonder if the other halogens were rejected by Parke-Davis because they produce potentially toxic metabolites. With any ned medicine, one doen't just have to test the toxicity of the drug itself but also it's metabolites. We now know ketamine can damage the bladders. I have no idea if Parke-Davis regonigized this issue and if so, did they try various (pseudo)halogens to find the least toxic? It's all just a guess, but Parke-Davis not patenting 2-fluoro norketamine seems odd. We see it turn up as a 'me too' drug, but we don't know why Parke-Davis seeminly discared it.