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Suggested opioid affinity of dissociatives / use f. mental disord. & psychosis risk

palmanita

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Suggested opioid affinity of dissociatives / use f. mental disord. & psychosis risk

While this topic has been discussed often enough here and there, at least afaik there is no clear consens about it yet?

To the times when MXE came out, I too believed it to have opioid activity. It felt absolutely like one should, so it has to be one.
- Okay, I've changed my mind.

First I have to say that, because of whatever, opioids don't work for me or not as how I'd have expected them to do so. They are weird dysphoric sedatives with some physical antinociception thrown in, up to the dosage where I would nod hard and fear of respiratory depression. At this point I've experienced some euphoria and everything-is-pointless mood once with a 1:25 RC-fentanyl mixture.

This was being a reasonably experienced dissociative user. I could, and can't, believe why people are putting their health and lives into real danger every day by (ab)using potent opioids. (Why didn't I just stop? Because I'm severly mentally ill and dissociatives, feeling like opioids should, relieve just everything, and dissociatives tend to the unfortunate property of being not just prohibited but also prescriptionally unavailable. I know of other countries where ketamine scripts can be given to severly depressed people or those being in unbearable pain but not here... and... ketamine is short lived and dirty. I still have to experience pharmaceutically pure K straight out the ampoule though. Memantine isn't bad, especially in combination, but [WTF] it's easier to get a script for opioids than for that as off-label.)

Now we have things around like the diarylethylamines of which the levo half probably is an opioid, seeing MT-45 and lefetamine (while the latter's claims also, afaik, are solely based on that its analgesia is reversed by naloxone & anecdotary experiences). The diarylethylamines tend to feel dirty for part of the users, and appear to lack these particular low-dose effects I'm in need of.

Also we have the O-PCx'es. While I didn't believe it at first, probably because of impure shit being sold, pure O-PCM while on venlafaxine feels almost exactly like my beloved MXE just with a shorter duration and less impairing (which also could be attributed to impure MXE maybe).

Particularly I think now of the O-PCx psychosis cases - of which I too was one in the late 2015's - as following:
- Impurities. There is a shitload of them and I'd love to know what is in the remaining 2,5% or whatever purity vendors claim and that often unveils to be a comma-miss (25%).
- Compulsive redosing. The faster a dissociative hits, the more of a dopaminergic it becomes. Don't know how much it is about direct DAT antagonism, D2 agonism or just suddenly increased transmitter outflow including DA but ketamine and O-PCM have a short-lived fiendish dopamine hit and after the plateau has passed, feelings of (DA) comedown. With the PCMs for me it's at around one hour. This leads to redosing while the compound is still active, buildup and stronger NMDA blockade. A sneaky (but also very appreciable, if used right) property of NMDA antagonism is the subjective clarity.
- Mania. Or grandose thinking, behaviour, call it as you want but dissociatives are uplifting compounds and with the lack of show-stopping side effects that approved antidepressant agents usually have (or immobilization at least -> K, also something I weirdly don't get), one will eventually run into some sort of mania.

Okay, back to the topic. My theory is now, that not dissociatives are usually opioids, but rather with increasing real opioid activity, they begin to feel dirty and even dysphoric for some, probably those with little or no opioid tolerance.

Maybe dynorphins are part of the picture, why some people greatly enjoy opioids and other not or require tolerance to do so (I've read repeatedly now that the first or first few heroin doses weren't enjoyable, could be a matter of pre-existing conditions, genetics, or both). Buprenorphine is the only opioid I get somewhat positive effects out of and this too is now only because I'm in real mental pain now due to the shitty legal consequences of my drug use (say, prison hailing). It substitutes for this nice condition the docs home-made by stopping my memantine, cold-turkey, thrice. Probably DA agonist PAWS and/or exacrebation of what I think to be environmentally-induced or potentiated glutamate / NMDA disequilibrium (being overly sensible, chronically stressed, ADD-alike.. kinda mental hyperalgesia, my mother suffers from the same thing).

However, I'm on maintenance buprenorphine now, 4mg/d. For dissociative abuse, yeah. So there is very little chance of the O-PCM being able to hit my opioid receptors now in 1/5 or so the dose required to hole. Such strong affinity would be known and also lead to fatalities. Yet it feels the same as without the bupe. Very "opiated", much more so than any opioid ever did. Once I just wanted to know it and got two 10mg methadone pills. I've titrated up from 2.5mg and felt increasingly dysphoric at 10-15mg, so I threw the leftover away. This lasted for 36h maybe, in the meantime 0.4mg bupe intranasally- for potency and faster onset- relieved it partially, somewhat clearly inducing opioid receptor response with the additional bupe kicking the methadone off them(?). Other point I know now of course is that bupe/opioids, while keeping a background effect, require the usual steep dose escalation for being felt. Without direct opioid tolerance, every increase of the bupe dose had an acute effect for 2-3 days (at first I felt an increase of 0,4 - then 0,8 - you get it).

This is not the case with NMDA antagonists. Tolerance is very different with them and as I know from my relationship with MXE and later K, as long as I kept a healthy dosage regimen (not getting fooled by the DA -> or at least use a stimulant for re-dosing instead of the dissociative), the same dosage hits over and over again and I feel every dose, be it a tiny or a bigger one.

So after trying at least 7 different NMDA antagonists I think to know more or less what the effects of NMDA blockade are like, and what is due to other receptors. I know that one can't feel a particular receptors but yea. (Would make an interesting double-blind trial, e.g. quetiapine 25/50mg vs. hydroxyzine 10-20mg etc..)

Now the usual challenge to check (mu?)opioid activity, besides receptor ligand tests, afaik is to see whether analgesia or general effects are abolished by naloxone. Just that naloxone isn't exactly a silent agonist but an inverse one. And while strangely alcoholics usually tolerate naltrexone and it "should" not have effects in the naive, there are effects and I've read statements like "induces a frustrative state of non-reward". Also it diminishes the ability to tolerate stress and leads to hypersensitivity/-algesia in at least newborn chicks and guinea pigs. Doesn't this alone render naloxone challenges in this sense misleading? If we have an indirectly rewarding compound and one that is indirectly reward-abolishing - well ;) at least one would have to find a certain dose of an opioid with its naloxone counterpart which would neutralize each other, then administer this combination together with the to-be-checked drug and if there are differencies in the reactions to naloxone alone, then it wasn't because of increased opioid activity... or am I wrong here?

The point of dissociatives being analgesic w/o involving opioid receptors (directly), working side-by-side with and independent of opioids in the system- couldn't this mean that, regardless of NMDA-mu connections, one could block the mental effects of opioid reduction/WD together with associated conscious learning (what, in my laymans' speak, might be the cause of PAWS) and just let them re-adjust silently respectively leaving only the peripheral W/D that can be avoided with loperamide at first?

Question: I know of potential negative influences on learning and memory of continued NMDA antagonism, independent of the antagonists' kinetics. But seemingly the more severe consequences - psychosis, mania etc - only occur with those having a higher trapping than memantine, now leaving the secondary effects out of consideration for a moment. Will a strict, low-dosed but continuous, regimen of a pure but high trapping antagonist like O-PCM (should it prove to be non-antibiotic) inevitably lead to psychosis or is moderation the key? Pain patients using K don't run into psychosis if I'm correctly informed.

Or, other question, what is wrong with me having a weird state of mental illness that -out of the drugs available today- only responds to NMDA antagonists in a relatively narrow dose window? Nothing else helps as good by far, and also continued so it's not just an addiction. Many other agents only work as expected with a bit of a NMDA antag in my system, like stimulants / methylphenidate, antidepressants / SSRIs, opioids / painkillers, even caffeine! I very probably do have PTSD (could be the cause and/or result of a faulted stress-regulating or responding glutamatergic circuit??), hyper-sensibility and easy distraction (again, might be the result of the previous), hyperalgesia mentally as well as to some extent physically (dito, and together building a solid base for social phobia, mood swings, depression) ... as I wrote, my mother suffers from the same things and (also, but more than myself) becomes delusional when she's alone for too long periods of time ... so genetics might well be to blame.

Might this fall into the spectrum of ailments like Huntington's etc. (I know you can't diagnose over the net %) just asking) and maybe a related specialist could help me more? I'm also putting some hope into riluzole, being another scarcerly used glutamate modulating agent- if this isn't wrong and it acts only on soium channels but even then it mighr help.

Sodium valproate did help too, for a very high price. Among the countless, partially barely researched drugs I've done in my life this was the first one that had real, bad physical side effects and if what I've read here is true, then that price would raise even higher if I'd have continued it or would start it again. I'm literally aged 3-4 years outwardly in the 6 months on and after valproate, confirmed by independent individuals.

Will the use of NMDA antagonists over extended amounts of time, even if it's just memantine, induce a vicious circle of more glutamate / NMDA receptors and exacrebation of the symptoms that is worse than just tolerance to the agent?

Thank you.
 
Theres a lot of crosstalk between NMDARs and MORs, not sure about kappa or delta, naltrexone/naloxone shouldn't therefore be able to antagonize MOR activity mediated via an upstream mechanism. I don't remember however if MORs and NMDARs heterodimerize, if they do then I'mnot sure is naloxone/naltrexone binds such MOR heteromers. I know what you mean about memantine, i'd give anything for a script, it actually leaves me functional and reverses an otherwise crippling memory impairment.
 
Theres a lot of crosstalk between NMDARs and MORs, not sure about kappa or delta, naltrexone/naloxone shouldn't therefore be able to antagonize MOR activity mediated via an upstream mechanism.

I don't understand your rationale for writing that. Any MOR activity is ultimately due to the receptor being in an active confirmation. If what you mean by "upstream mechanism" is receptor heteromization, then even that activation is succeptible to an antagonist like naloxone ir naltrexone. The only exception would be if there are MOR heteromers that have low affinity for MOR antagonists, but I din't think anyone has ever shown that.

I don't remember however if MORs and NMDARs heterodimerize, if they do then I'mnot sure is naloxone/naltrexone binds such MOR heteromers. I know what you mean about memantine, i'd give anything for a script, it actually leaves me functional and reverses an otherwise crippling memory impairment.
MOR and NMDA-R do not directly interact, and such interactions would be highly unlikely since they mediate completely different types of signaling
 
Can you further clarify the means of interaction then?

And it appears your wrong at least with respect tocertain brrain regions.

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22920535 can you retrieve this?

direct association with NMDARs which negatively regulate the analgesic effects of morphine when stimulated, upregulation of NMDARs upon agonism of MORs therefore has implications in tolerance and hyperalgesia.
presumably explains the hyperalgesia in opioid dependent subjects (murine) on chronic EtOH administration and WD of the latter. NMDAR upregulation in response to the antagonistic effects of ethanol.
 
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No one has conclusively demonstrated the type of interaction in neurons where MOR and NMDA-R are (1) in direct physical contact and thereby (2) produce cross-signalling where activation of one of those receptors directly stimulates or inhibits the effector mechanisms coupled to the other receptor. In the model you are basing this on (I think the article you cited is based on: http://www.nature.com/npp/journal/v37/n2/full/npp2011155a.html) there isn't enough evidence to distinguish between functional interactions, direct interactions that would anchor NMDA-R together but not alter their signaling, and direct heteromization. Lots of receptors interact through downstream signaling mechanisms/co-regulation. Data showing that two receptors will co-immunoprecipitate from neurons is a good start, but that doesn't show the proteins are directly interacting. The NMDA-R has a long cytoplasmic domain that can bind a huge number of other proteins; it could be that one of those signaling partners also binds to MOR, allowing them to co-immunoprecipitate. The most conclusive evidence that has been published is that NMDA-R and MOR are often in close physical proximity when they are co-expressed in transfected cells, but lots of proteins that don't normally interact in vivo have been shown to associate when overexpressed in cell lines.
 
interesting about the intracellular domain of NMDARs. is this specific to any particular subtype or a generality?

And perhaps I was insufficiently precise. Functional interaction in-vivo as a response to either MOR agonists or NMDA antagonists is what I meant. And interestingly NMDA antagonists with no MOR agonism for sure, such as memantine TOTALLY inhibit opioid withdrawal for me. I'd LOVE to trial MK-801 to assess this further.
 
interesting about the intracellular domain of NMDARs. is this specific to any particular subtype or a generality?

In general, the cytoplasmic region of transmembrane receptors contain domains that bind other proteins. These domains determine where on the cell membrane receptors are expressed -- the receptors are externalized after synthesis and then they kind of float around until they bind to something in the cytoplasm, which anchors them to a particular membrane domain. The cytoplasmic region of receptors can also bind signal transduction proteins, which means that receptors tend to be located near their signaling partners.

The NMDA-R has the potential to make lots of these types of interactions. These interactions explain why NMDA-R is concentrated in synapses. Take a look at these pictures:

http://img.bimg.126.net/photo/rlh7iRnXVklyhv5h-PFFwQ==/573646002537306262.jpg

https://www.researchgate.net/profil...achines-in-the-PSD-One-comprises-the-NMDA.png
 
About naloxone, it really isn't just a plain mu receptor blocker. I've been exposed to <2mg of it nasally when the only other drug in my body was memantine, 40mg per day. It triggered a indescribable state of pure agony, sorrow and regret. I can't imagine what a full 50mg pill of long-lasting naltrexone would have done. Maybe it was just one more abnormal reaction to a drug but one thing I remember is that it instantly reversed the emotional distance / numbing from memantine. This would fit into naloxone being listed as an antidote to DXM intoxication. And confirm a complex interaction between opioid and NMDA circuits.

NMDA antagonists with no MOR agonism for sure, such as memantine TOTALLY inhibit opioid withdrawal for me

Yeah, the same here. What dosage did you take, and for how long and how high was your tolerance?
Don't ask why and how I've used opioids even though they weren't what I've been looking for but I did. Whilst on 30mg/d of memantine, there was little tolerance development and no symptoms when not taking them. This completely changed without the memantine, and resolved by starting it again.
I can just wonder why on earth this isn't used more widespread to treat pain, even more so as memantine alone has robust antinociceptive qualities and seeing that full agonists also have a cognitively impairing side.

I'm confident to be able to go off the bupe quite fast and painless when I'll have access to memantine again.

--

So far (pure) O-PCM appears like a total godsend for me at 5-10mg every 2 hours or so. I still can't believe that such a clean effect is possible with a high-trapping NMDA antagonist, or a chemical in general. At the right dosage, the increase in life quality is unbelievable. It's exactly that I've always longed for, everybody said it isn't possible medically, and I somehow knew it must be possible. It's not (hypo)mania or intoxication - rather the opposite of the latter, just finally feeling normal in a good way, and people confirm this to me. Cognition flows so easily as does socialization, usually having social phobia and a shitload of other conditions, even motor skills and handwriting is so much just ... normal.

Probably it's like supercharged memantine. Just that memantine is quite limited due to its kinetics and I've been dosing too high in hope for "more" but just got sedation and depression probably in trade for tension and anxiety relief. I've thought of the 20mg/d being intended for the elderly and just a random safety mark but could indeed be the dosage where it's effects are at a max unless one is stopping opioids. With the high-trapping ones of course dosage is crucial but I now believe that high trapping ones could well be used too. For now, it has like almost zero side effects. Have yet to see how it behaves in terms of tolerance and withdrawal but dissociatives tend to be non-problematic at least for the latter.

If you'd blind-tested me with morphine and O-PCM before I knew them personally, I'd have put much money on the PCM for being the opioid.

Of course I know about the claims concerning antibiotic activity. This worries me and I hope to find a molecule with similar profile of effects without this, and the potential for bladder damage (I've read somewhere recently that it's the PCM moiety that is problematic, don't know whether this is based on somewhat or just speculation). O-PCE could be even better if it's the same but with longer duration, also have yet to sample that in pure quality - realized now that much of what I've tried of the RC's was probably cut or impure. Darknet O-PCM vs. what I do have now is really like different molecules. Makes me want to try pharmaceutical ketamine, but as said with a O-PCE alike I'd be more than satisfied.

Just that it will go illegal sooner than later ....
 
Its easy as hell to test and see if it does possess antibiotic activity and if so what manner.

Why have you not done so?

As far as memantine doses goit was a few years ago when I was better off. Combined with a combnation of betahistine, galantamine (also tried the alternative anticholinesterase huperzine-A although this also is an antagonist at NMDAR, at the polyamine regulatory site, the same place if I am not mistaken, that acamprosate binds to. Also taken with the DA agonist (and mild alpha2 adrenoreceptor antagonist, but it MUST be weak there or the stuff would have been to me, an utter poison of the foulest kind,) piribedil (I now take pramipexole on rx) I was at the time and am now, taking clonidine and tizanidine though which obviously were sufficient to counteract this noxious property. But otherwise I am EXTREMELY sensitive to antagonists at the adrenergic autoreceptor, things like mirtazepine, I was scripted it very very briefly whilst banged up on remand, and had there been a window I would have thrown myself out of it for sure, it was a living, breathing hell on earth clad in rotting, diseased flesh, a
shambling abominatiob of the most noxious possible Tartarus-besharten kind) and I HAD to stop use of iporuru before I got to sufficient doses properly to explore the properties of most of the alkaloids in there due to alpha2 antagonism supervening.

I even felt pretty nasty after merely handling ergot (Claviceps purpurea, common ergot of rye, as well as C.sulcata, possibly C.fusiformis also but I never germinated any suspected C.fusiformis as this contains clavines mainly or totally since th ergopeptide gene synthesis cluster is mutated in C.fusiformis and it cannot produce much if any of the higher ergopeptides the only thing I can think of that I could use the latter species for is if ever I get to needing to perform protoplast fusions to force hybridization between two or more different Claviceps species) sclerotia, I figure I must have absorbed sufficient ergotamine and other such ergopeptines, ergopeptams etc. transdermally, through the abundant honeydew present during the growth stage my sclerotia were collected during, they were sticky and the grassheads positively gooey with honeydew, I felt quite uncomfortable after. And many anti-congestant remedies I cannot take, I only use the locally acting ones like xylometazoline/oxymetazoline nazal drops because of this.



https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/4-Chlorokynurenine This looks rather interesting in that rather than directly antagonizing, it downregulates NMDA receptors.
 
Why hasn't then someone out of all the people speculating about done this test? ;) Sorry, I'm just a mentally ill layman who learned and is learning about these topics out of necessity ... please tell me how to do a relieable test against antibiotic properties and I'll do it, as well as comparing it to K etc should I get hold of some again..

But about NMDA antags in general, I'm currently thinking that pure technical pharmacology maybe can't explain the whole picture of what the effects are in a grown-up human with all the influence (un)consciousness has on brain chemistry (and is such by itself of course) ...

With a disso, especially O-PCM now, I can go far, far beyond my natural borders of what I'm able to handle mentally etc. with ease, and process, integrate these things. This burns much mental energy of course, and after 3 intense days or so I begin to become just tired, so tired independent of whether I slept enough (which, usually in "hypomanic" days, comes short) and will probably sleep much in the next 2-3 days until my ... brain, soul, whatever ... has recovered. I know this state from earlier experiments, here no stimulant or whatever helps, would just make me tense and jittery. After the recovery phase, the disso might switch me again into this state- the longer I abstained, the more intense it is.

There is something mighty about NMDA antagonism and PTSD, split up personality parts etc.. I've already learned much more from and by using dissociatives than any psychotherapy could have (and oh well I've tried it hard) - it just wouldn't reach me.. I really think and hope that at some point in the future we will see trauma therapy augmented with NMDA antagonists.

Someone wrote an interesting paper about borderline personality disorder being mediated by NMDA receptors. Okay, when they are involved in memory and long term potentiation, then in what aren't they involved.

I'd be interested in what transmitter or chemical that "intensive" use of NMDA antagonists depletes and in what area etc. if one could scan that in a MRI or something like that. If the brain makes / encodes what we experience as consciousness then there must be a reaction for every feeling..
 
About naloxone, it really isn't just a plain mu receptor blocker. I've been exposed to <2mg of it nasally when the only other drug in my body was memantine, 40mg per day. It triggered a indescribable state of pure agony, sorrow and regret. I can't imagine what a full 50mg pill of long-lasting naltrexone would have done. Maybe it was just one more abnormal reaction to a drug...
Naloxone is an inverse agonist, not an antagonist. Not sure why that would matter if you weren't opioid dependent but some people are unfortunately hypersensitive to certain drugs. Most (nondependent) people don't have a severe reaction to naloxone.
 
An inverse agonist will have opposite effects to an agonist regardless of agonist binding to the receptor target, an antagonist (known as a silent antagonist) depends on the presence of agonist or inverse agonist, partial agonist etc., other ligand needs to be bound for a silent antagonist to have effects. It binds to the receptor and displaces previously bound ligand. Or will bind receptor in absence of other bound ligand and be of sufficiently high affinity to prevent that other ligand from binding in the first place. But
inherently, silent antagonists have neither agonistic nor inverse agonist properties, They simply bind the target receptor and prevent other ligands binding, or being of higher affinity than the other ligand are able to displace it from its receptor target.

Compare for instance, at GABAa receptors the silent antagonist flumazenil and inverse agonists such as circutoxin and oenanthetoxin, the polyyne long chain alcohols found in the water hemlocks such as Oenanthe crocata and Circuta virosa. These, unlike flumazenil, are truly lethal, and a hideous way to die. One bite of root is sufficient to kill a cow. (water hemlocks have nothing to do with hemlock proper, Conium maculata, although all of these are umbellifers, thats the only similarity. Coniine the poison in the true, land-dwelling hemlock, the poison used to execute the greek philosopher Socrates is a paralytic, whilst Circuta and Oenanthe are even deadlier, and act as convulsant poisons.
 
Awhile back someone posted the binding afinity of mxe,k and i think 3meopcp at mu to be non existant. Makes sense as they dont have similar effects to any opiates.
 
What about 3-OH-PCP. That stuff felt VERY opioidesque. To the point of producing a very similar rush indeed.
 
An inverse agonist will have opposite effects to an agonist regardless of agonist binding to the receptor target, an antagonist (known as a silent antagonist) depends on the presence of agonist or inverse agonist, partial agonist etc., other ligand needs to be bound for a silent antagonist to have effects.

This was my point, yes. I don't know about the affinity of endorphins but think they might get displaced by naloxone/naltrexone too. Together with possible receptor activities in absence of a ligand, and/or a direct connection between NMDA and mu receptors (so e.g. memantine effects / positively modulates / whatever mu receptors which could reverse when mu is inverse-agonized) - maybe depending on individual polymorphism - could naloxone then trigger opioid w/d even in someone who's never done any opioids.

Awhile back someone posted the binding afinity of mxe,k and i think 3meopcp at mu to be non existant. Makes sense as they dont have similar effects to any opiates.
Yeah, I've changed my mind regarding this. I still believe ACHs to have opioid(mimetic) effects but they aren't due to direct binding and also tend not to cause respiratory depression in the same strength as opioids. MXE, and imo O-PCx, fully remain their effects in opioid-dependent people and with presence of buprenorphine blockade. NMDA antagonists synergize with opioids in a way that isn't plain potentiation.

I see true and strong medically therepeutic potential in dissociatives, the cleaner and less psychotomimetic the better. O-PCM is like a cleaner, slightly more potent and longer lasting K variant and superior to it for anxiolytic, antidepressive and specially PTSD treatment. For me, in low dosage, the dependency and psychotomimetic potential is maybe in the same league as dopaminergic psychostimulants With O-PCE things are a bit different, it has remarkably different kinetics than O-PCM and requires much more care with dosing but also impressively catalyzes psychotherapeutic processes. Think it could be a game-changer for opioid depencency too.

3-HO-PCP in contrast could be a real opioid (and thus, if the somewhere here on BL and in a paper proposed metabolism is true, MXE too). Or it binds in a different way, with more selective opioid-mimetic activity. O-PCM also produces a distinct, yet maybe underwhelming for some, rush that is a bit like a dopaminergic / opioid combo. Have to think of camfetamine / fencamfamine which both I never sample but have proposed mu involvement. This claim I found to be based on the fact of its effects being reversed by naloxone too and not (yet) binding assays.
 
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