Do you think you could give me a quick summation of your training?
this is an abbreviated paraphrasing of what is essentially
arthur lydiard's training regiment (famous new zealand coach). it essentially works (with modifications) for distances from the mile through the marathon. it's a little bit intense for your average recreational runner, but the concepts can be applied to slightly less crazy training plans.
phase 1: aerobic build-up -- the idea here is to do build your aerobic fitness as much as possible. more or less logging lots of relatively easy miles for two or three months (or as much time as you have available). i usually get up around 80-100 miles/week, but many marathoners hit 160-180.
phase 2: leg strength/turnover -- here you want to maintain your aerobic endurance as much as possible (there's a 1.5-3 hour long run on sunday during every phase), while building the leg strength and turnover you'll need for speed work later on (both for speed and for injury prevention). lots of up-hill bounding, stride drills, etc. usually 4-6 weeks.
phase 3: anaerobic build-up -- the trick here is that anaerobic conditioning will actually erode aerobic conditioning, so you don't want to spend too much time here. likewise, the extent to which you can increase anaerobic efficiency is finite (your blood pH can only get so low or so high), so you stand to gain only so much. workouts here are generally on the track, with about three miles of hard intervals spaced out with equal distance jogging recovery. 12 x 400m, 3 x 1 mile, etc. usually 4-6 weeks.
phase 4: leg-speed/racing coordination -- this phase is basically about fine-tuning both your leg speed (more or less important depending on your distance) and your racing. relatively easy speed/strength/stride work on the track, with races above and below your goal distance. usually about 4 weeks.
phase 5: taper/peak -- depending on distance and the timing of your important races, you want about 7-10 days of lower intensity training, with easy jogs and strides to keep the legs fresh and fast.
from there, you can usually get a month or two of near-peak racing fitness in.
personally, my goal races are between 800m and 5k. i use the club track season june-august for a lot of my racing experience, and am then aiming for more elite races towards the end of august. i don't do it for t-shirts or trophies or because i really like getting up early on saturday mornings -- i just fucking love to win.