4DQSAR
Bluelighter
- Joined
- Feb 3, 2025
- Messages
- 5,447
Lastly, in terms of harm reduction, CuCl/CuCl₂ mixtures generate significant metal waste and are toxic and environmentally persistent. And anyway, the oxygen needed for the reaction process is supplied by the p-benzoquinone or simply O₂ in the original reaction… I wonder how rough the CuCl is on the PdCl₂ in terms of efficiency.
Chemistry undegraduates are uniqely able to have their university dispose of the hazardous side-products. For free.
It's so long ago I don't have any of the papers (written ON paper) any more. But I suggest that cuprous species is in fact a co co-catalyst and is responsible for lowering the enery barrier for the reoxidation of the palladium (I) complex to the (II) complex.
Remember, we did have the resources to analyse the various species. Even today, how do you do it? Have your salts all made from 36Cl or maybe 37Cl and look at where the isotopes go? It would be an immensely costly endevour.
But being as the copper salts were free (given where we were), even if it only halves the qantity of PdCl2, that's a saving.
Yield was - enough.
