MyDoor: There are 4 Suras that relate to the subject, not 1, though you did paraphrase the 1 most often cited, Sura V (5:90 to 93 to be exact).
To understand this, even in the most basic sense, one needs to understand the concept of "Abrogation." Basically, the Qu'ran was dictated ayat by ayat (sentence at a time) over a 23 year period.
Muhammed was totally illiterate by all accounts, and each ayat was dictated to 1 of at least 3 people, and then collated after Muhammed's death.
Abrogation basically holds that each subsequent ayat and Sura (sentence and verse) effectively cancels out the preceeding in cases where conflict or even outright contradiction take place.
One such subject happens to be alcohol. For those who are unaware, the word "alcohol" itself is corrupted Arabic, and it is in the Mid-East that we see the first physical evidence of deliberate alcohol fermentation and consummption. Alcohol in thre pre-Islamic era was as much a part of daily life as it was anywhere in the world, at any time.
In the ban of alochol, we need to look at all 4 verses, but primarily only 3: II (2:219), IV (4:43) and the afore mentioned (by MyDoor) V (5:90).
Sura II states that (and I will paraphrse but VERY accurately) that humankind can find both bad things AND good things in alcohol (directly echoing Jewish teachings). This is the 1st verse dealing with alcohol, and this is important to remember.
Next comes Sura IV, the 2nd verse dealing with the subject where it is forbidden to pray while drunk.
Finally we have the verse cited by MyDoor, Sura V and let me offer the correct translation in Modern English: " Listen to me Believers: Alcohol, gambling, worshipping of idols and divination* are gross abominations (onto Allah). They are the works of Satan. If you wish to be successful in life you must leave all 4 alone."
*"Divination," or "Fortune Telling" in this case is only specifically dealt with along the lines of what in the 7th Century CE/AD was the most popular form of divination, shooting arrows into the sky at a high angle, and then carefully examining the way in which they landed to predict the future and ascertain certain events of the present. There is a tiny bit of dissention as to whether-or-not this prohibition can be applied in blanket form to all soothsaying but that is only periphreal to our discussion.
Now, what of "drugs?" Alcohol is of course just as much a drug as heroin but for purposes of clarification we seem to be discussing "drugs other than alcohol."
The Classical Arabic word for "Wine" is "Kham'r." The word is rooted in the word "Khamara," which means "To Cover." Naturally one may intuit "To Cover" to signify a "Covering of The Senses," as in any intoxicating substance.
However, this is a matter of deduction and we really do not see a ban on anything other than alcohol IN THE QU'RAN. Indeed, even within the Qu'ran there is some room for interpretation as to whether-or-not ALL alcohol is banned or just wine specifically since "Kham'r" is the only word used.
In support of this idea is the afore mentioned 4th verse, Sura XVI (16:67) where even wine is specifically identified to be "From the fruits of the Date (palm) and the grape (vine)."
Now when you talk about Islamic Scripture you have to understand that while the Qu'ran IS the foundation, it is far from the only source. The "Hadit'" (Hadith is the usual English transliteration) is also very important.
Hadit' is the voluminous collection of sayings, of Muhammed and his close companions, as related by people who actually witnessed these utterings, and then related orally over the course of many generations before being committed to paper by such reknowned theologians as Bukhari and Islam (the latter a surname in this case). For any Hadit' to hold weight it must have a fully documented chain of transmission (such as: "Related by 'Aisha, wife of the prophet to," until finally recorded as "to Bukhari") IF the chain of transmission is considered believable (according to a set of exacting standards) it is held to hold extremely considerable weight.
There is one Hadit' in paticular relating to a Friday Sermon given by Muhammed, where someone asked about the prohibition of wine. This person asked about barley and honey products, as well as about the length of fermentation (per alcohol content since the idea is to question whether the ban relates to actual consumption per se or merely to levels of inebriation). This Hadit' (which I will not bother attributing other than to relate that it was compiled by Bukhari so that it is very widely accepted) holds that Muhammed said that all femrented beverages are to be given the same classification as date and grape wine.
Historically it is only within the last 600 years that we see all alcohol being held to the same classification within Islam. Prior to this period you could find Arak and similar drinks but NEVER wine.
The use of other substances is more of a culturally specific issue. Somali and Yemeni Muslims chew Khat (a plant whose fresh leaves have a high level of the alkaloid cathinone, a hard stimulant similar in ways to coca), hashish is widely consumed, and in Central Asia and Anatolia opium is widely consumed.
When you see issues relating to it like the Taliban ban in the spring of 2000 on opium, it relates more to social issues (in this case commodity manipulation for profit) than to any religious principles.
(Edited for spelling)