Many experienced psychedelic mushroom users believe that different Psilocybe species have distinctive and characteristic effects [
8,
9]. These reports are consistent with observations regarding the effects of,
Inocybe aeruginascens (high in aeruginascin) as compared to the effects of mushrooms with a high psilocybin and psilocin content. Gartz [
10] observed an increased mood-enhancing effect of mushrooms high in aeruginascin as compared to those high in psilocybin, leading him to propose an “entourage effect” of psychedelic mushrooms, whereby additional components of the mushroom extract enhance the effect of psilocybin. A preclinical study compared the effects of an extract from
Psilocybe argentipes to chemical psilocybin on marble-burying behavior in mice (an animal screening model used to study OCD) [
11]. The results of the study showed that the psilocybin mushroom extract was more effective in reducing marble-burying than chemical psilocybin, doing so at a dose of 0.25 mg/kg psilocybin as compared to chemical psilocybin which required 1.5 mg/kg and thus supporting further exploration of an “entourage effect”. Further evidence for a psychedelic mushroom “entourage effect” was provided by Zhuk et al. [
12], who showed that
Psilocybe semilanceata and
Pholiotina cyanopus mushroom extracts were significantly more potent on in-vivo serotonin 5-HT2A receptor behavioral assays (as demonstrated by the head-twitch response in mice) than the same dose of pure psilocin (the active metabolite of psilocybin).