pharmakos
Bluelighter
what cannabinoids do you use, logan? are you smoking straight chems, or is it a blend?
Can anyone with chemistry knowledge comment on possible dangerous side effects from STS-135 by referring to the molecule etc?
Indications
Parkinson's disease
Amantadine is a weak antagonist of the NMDA type glutamate receptor, increases dopamine release, and blocks dopamine reuptake. This makes it a weak therapy for Parkinson's disease. Although, as an antiparkinsonian it can be used as monotherapy; or together with L-DOPA to treat L-DOPA-related motor fluctuations (i.e., shortening of L-DOPA duration of clinical effect, probably related to progressive neuronal loss) and L-DOPA-related dyskinesias (choreiform movements associated with long-term L-DOPA use, probably related to chronic pulsatile stimulation of dopamine receptors).
Despite a 2003 Cochrane review of the scientific literature concluding that there is inadequate evidence to support the use of amantadine for Parkinson's, the drug continues to be prescribed for this indication.[1]
Influenza
Amantadine is no longer recommended for treatment of influenza A infection.
For the 2008/2009 flu season, the United States' Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) found that 100% of seasonal H3N2 and 2009 pandemic flu samples tested have shown resistance to adamantanes.[6] The CDC issued an alert to doctors to prescribe the neuraminidase inhibitors oseltamivir and zanamivir instead of amantadine and rimantadine for treatment of current circulating flu.[7][8]
Off-label uses
Amantadine is frequently used to treat the chronic fatigue often experienced by patients with multiple sclerosis.[9] Additionally, there have been anecdotal reports[10] and a small number of pilot studies[11][12] that show low-dose amantadine as a potential treatment for ADHD. Limited data has shown that amantadine may help to relieve SSRI-induced sexual dysfunction.[13][14][15]
Adverse effects
Amantadine has been associated with several central nervous system (CNS) side effects, likely due to amantadine's dopaminergic and adrenergic activity, and to a lesser extent, its activity as an anticholinergic. CNS side effects include nervousness, anxiety, agitation, insomnia, difficulty in concentrating, and exacerbations of pre-existing seizure disorders and psychiatric symptoms in patients with schizophrenia or Parkinson's disease. The usefulness of amantadine as an anti-parkinsonian drug is somewhat limited by the need to screen patients for a history of seizures and psychiatric symptoms.
Rare cases of severe skin rashes such as Stevens Johnson Syndrome[16] and suicidal ideation in patients treated with amantadine have also been reported.[17][18]
Livedo reticularis is a possible side effect of amantadine use for Parkinson's disease.[19]
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Dosage and mechanism of action
A starting dose is often 100 mg once daily. All influenza B strains, many influenza A strains (and virtually all H1N1 "swine flu" strains) are resistant to amantadine, so a failure at this dose is likely due to resistance and not underdosing. For its anti-Parkinsonian effects, a starting dose of 300 mg once daily is normal, but can be increased to a limit of about 400 mg.
- The mechanisms for amantadine's antiviral and antiparkinsonian effects appear to be unrelated.
- The mechanism of Amantadine's antiviral activity involves interference with a viral protein, M2 (an ion channel),[23][24] which is required for the viral particle to become "uncoated" once taken inside a cell by endocytosis.
The mechanism of its antiparkinsonian effect is poorly understood. The drug has many effects in the brain, including release of dopamine and norepinephrine from nerve endings. It appears to be a weak NMDA receptor antagonist[25][26] as well as an anticholinergic, specifically a nicotinic alpha-7 antagonist like the similar pharmaceutical memantine.
Amantadine appears to act through several pharmacological mechanisms, but no dominant mechanism of action has been identified. It is a dopaminergic, noradrenergic and serotonergic substance, blocks monoamine oxidase A and NMDA receptors, and seems to raise beta-endorphin/beta-lipotropin levels.[citation needed]
Research in brain injury
In a 2012 study, 184 patients with severe traumatic brain injury were treated with amantadine or placebo for four weeks. In this study, the drug accelerated functional brain recovery.[27]
yer it was one wicked whitey lol iv been hospitalized while smoking ur144 because i had a fit on it normally i got them on a night while sleeping the most dangerous time but this one hit me mid afternoon and stuck me in hospital for the rest of the day and a bit of the next .
p.s. that was the last time it touched ur144 well knowingly anyway
is it just me, or does anyone else find that the noids take them to familliar half dream states every night ? Every night i seem to be picking up bits and pieces of whats going on. But each noid has a slightly different effect.