Bamboozle
Bluelighter
- Joined
- Oct 24, 2003
- Messages
- 64
<- Just got back from the hospital and have thus obtained (3) boxes of;
* Promethazine hydrochloride injection; 28.2 mg/ml (base 25mg) 50mg.
Phenergan 50 ampoules (10 / box). (I.M) or (I.V) Sterile Injection.
There are considerable amounts of medical literature and clinical notes regarding the synergy between opioid + phen administration. Especially post-op; with regards to there potentiation of each other, and side effect alleviation. Since all my supplement goods; 5-HTP, AA, nootropics; are still in the midst of transit - they might not get here by this weekend. Hence I will just experiment with the Promethazine; which will most definitely have a pronounced effect.
________________ Anti-Histamine (incl. Promethazine) + Opioid studies..;
The potentiation of narcotic analgesics with phenothiazines.
Potentiation of narcotic analgesics with phenothiazines have been used for preoperative and postoperative analgesia for a number of years by the podiatric community. The agents most frequently cited in studies are the combination of meperidine with either the phenothiazines chlorpromazine, trimeprazine, or promethazine.
No development of tolerance to analgesia by repeated administration of H1 antagonists.
The effect produced by repeated administration of the H1-antihistaminics diphenhydramine, promethazine and pyrilamine on their ability to induce antinociception was evaluated in the mouse hot-plate and abdominal constriction tests. Contrary to morphine, baclofen and oxotremorine, the three H1 antagonists investigated did not promote the development of tolerance to the analgesic effect after 14 days of repeated treatment. H1 antagonists could, therefore, represent a promising pharmacological approach to the management of chronic pain.
Morphine and promethazine as intravenous premedicants.
Two hundred seventy patients received morphine 5 mg or 10 mg alone or with promethazine 6.25 mg, 12.5 mg, or 25 mg. Promethazine 25 mg alone also was studied. All drugs were given intravenously. Anxiety relief, sedation, patient acceptance, lack of recall, and side effects were the variables examined. Promethazine improved relief of anxiety, sedation, and patient acceptance when added to morphine. Doses of promethazine larger than 12.5 mg intravenously failed to improve these effects. Memory remained unaffected by any of the drugs.
Analgesic effects of antihistaminics.
The literature provides considerable evidence indicating that several, but not all antihistaminics, are indeed analgesic agents and some are analgesic adjuvants as well. Those for which effectiveness is reported includes diphenhydramine, hydroxyzine, orphenadrine, pyrilamine, phenyltoloxamine, promethazine, methdilazine, and tripelennamine.
The literature suggests that more than one mechanism of action exists for them. There is considerable evidence suggesting that histaminergic and serotoninergic central pathways are involved in nociception and that antihistaminic drugs can modulate their responses (1). The evidence for a role for norepinephrine and dopamine and the effects of antihistaminics on them are less well established. Still other pathways have been proposed. A greater understanding of pain mechanisms will aid in elucidating the role of antihistaminics in analgesia.
Reduction of postoperative vomiting in high-risk patients.
Twenty-eight patients who had a history of severe postoperative vomiting were divided into two groups. The first group received various anaesthetic drugs and the second group received a pethidine promethazine premedication and thiopentone, alcuronium, fentanyl and droperidol. There was a significant reduction in postoperative vomiting as assessed by vomiting score in both groups of patients, with the second group having a greater reduction in vomiting score than the control group. Nine of the patients in the second group have received the same anaesthetic uneventfully on a subsequent occasion. We propose that reassurance and the anaesthetic technique described can significantly reduce the incidence of postoperative vomiting in a high risk group.
Effects of second generation of histamine H1 antagonists, cetirizine and ebastine, on the antitussive and rewarding effects of dihydrocodeine in mice.
CONCLUSION: Taken together, the potentiation of place preference of dihydrocodeine with ebastine may be due, at least in part, to stimulation of the central dopaminergic system via D(1) receptors. However, combination of dihydrocodeine with cetirizine does not potentiate place preference at all, nor does it potentiate the central dopaminergic system. Thus, it is likely that cetirizine may be a useful constituent in opioid-containing, antitussive preparations that would not potentiate the development of psychological dependence.
* (Cetirizine) = Zyrtec
The influence of histamine receptor antagonists on antinociceptive action of narcotic analgesics.
The influence of some antagonists of histamine receptors on morphine-, fentanyl-, and pentazocine-induced analgesia was studied in rats and mice.
...
Thus, H1 and H2 antagonists potentiate the antinociceptive effects of morphine and fentanyl but the action of pentazocine is not changed by H1 antagonists and is affected in an inconsistent manner by a H2 antagonist cimetidine. It seems that the potentiating effect of H-antagonists is related to the opioid mu receptors.
Diphenhydramine potentiates narcotic but not endogenous opioid analgesia.
The analgesic effect of morphine in rats, as reflected in elevated thresholds for tail shock induced vocalizations, was markedly potentiated by the antihistamine, diphenhydramine. Intrinsic to the behavioral test paradigm employed are stressors which mobilize endogenous opioid activity as verified by the hyperalgesic effect of naloxone. Diphenhydramine failed to potentiate the analgesic effect of such endogenous opioid activity. The potentiating effect of antihistamines may therefore be mediated by mechanisms whose influence is restricted to systemically administered opiates.
________________
The ginsengs opioid antagonism is very interesting. When I have the time, a new thread will probably be made on the topic. "If" the ginseng does mimic narcan (regarding opioid receptor occupation) even in a minor way, it could be a great method to lower tolerance, by administering it in low doses daily on drug "off" days. I would never use or recommend it though for emergency / overdose protection, its onset would be way to slow and have nowhere near narcans effectiveness.
ChillsH2o - Formal education has mostly contributed to my knowledge of basic scientific principal, biochemistry and anatomy. I'm also taking a couple of neuropharmacology courses this semester. Research methods are self-learned.
Now I'm going to use the Promethazine [I.M inject @ 25mg (standard/max dosage)] to check my individual responsiveness to the compound for later this week, while watching and writing a film report.
* Promethazine hydrochloride injection; 28.2 mg/ml (base 25mg) 50mg.
Phenergan 50 ampoules (10 / box). (I.M) or (I.V) Sterile Injection.
There are considerable amounts of medical literature and clinical notes regarding the synergy between opioid + phen administration. Especially post-op; with regards to there potentiation of each other, and side effect alleviation. Since all my supplement goods; 5-HTP, AA, nootropics; are still in the midst of transit - they might not get here by this weekend. Hence I will just experiment with the Promethazine; which will most definitely have a pronounced effect.
________________ Anti-Histamine (incl. Promethazine) + Opioid studies..;
The potentiation of narcotic analgesics with phenothiazines.
Potentiation of narcotic analgesics with phenothiazines have been used for preoperative and postoperative analgesia for a number of years by the podiatric community. The agents most frequently cited in studies are the combination of meperidine with either the phenothiazines chlorpromazine, trimeprazine, or promethazine.
No development of tolerance to analgesia by repeated administration of H1 antagonists.
The effect produced by repeated administration of the H1-antihistaminics diphenhydramine, promethazine and pyrilamine on their ability to induce antinociception was evaluated in the mouse hot-plate and abdominal constriction tests. Contrary to morphine, baclofen and oxotremorine, the three H1 antagonists investigated did not promote the development of tolerance to the analgesic effect after 14 days of repeated treatment. H1 antagonists could, therefore, represent a promising pharmacological approach to the management of chronic pain.
Morphine and promethazine as intravenous premedicants.
Two hundred seventy patients received morphine 5 mg or 10 mg alone or with promethazine 6.25 mg, 12.5 mg, or 25 mg. Promethazine 25 mg alone also was studied. All drugs were given intravenously. Anxiety relief, sedation, patient acceptance, lack of recall, and side effects were the variables examined. Promethazine improved relief of anxiety, sedation, and patient acceptance when added to morphine. Doses of promethazine larger than 12.5 mg intravenously failed to improve these effects. Memory remained unaffected by any of the drugs.
Analgesic effects of antihistaminics.
The literature provides considerable evidence indicating that several, but not all antihistaminics, are indeed analgesic agents and some are analgesic adjuvants as well. Those for which effectiveness is reported includes diphenhydramine, hydroxyzine, orphenadrine, pyrilamine, phenyltoloxamine, promethazine, methdilazine, and tripelennamine.
The literature suggests that more than one mechanism of action exists for them. There is considerable evidence suggesting that histaminergic and serotoninergic central pathways are involved in nociception and that antihistaminic drugs can modulate their responses (1). The evidence for a role for norepinephrine and dopamine and the effects of antihistaminics on them are less well established. Still other pathways have been proposed. A greater understanding of pain mechanisms will aid in elucidating the role of antihistaminics in analgesia.
Reduction of postoperative vomiting in high-risk patients.
Twenty-eight patients who had a history of severe postoperative vomiting were divided into two groups. The first group received various anaesthetic drugs and the second group received a pethidine promethazine premedication and thiopentone, alcuronium, fentanyl and droperidol. There was a significant reduction in postoperative vomiting as assessed by vomiting score in both groups of patients, with the second group having a greater reduction in vomiting score than the control group. Nine of the patients in the second group have received the same anaesthetic uneventfully on a subsequent occasion. We propose that reassurance and the anaesthetic technique described can significantly reduce the incidence of postoperative vomiting in a high risk group.
Effects of second generation of histamine H1 antagonists, cetirizine and ebastine, on the antitussive and rewarding effects of dihydrocodeine in mice.
CONCLUSION: Taken together, the potentiation of place preference of dihydrocodeine with ebastine may be due, at least in part, to stimulation of the central dopaminergic system via D(1) receptors. However, combination of dihydrocodeine with cetirizine does not potentiate place preference at all, nor does it potentiate the central dopaminergic system. Thus, it is likely that cetirizine may be a useful constituent in opioid-containing, antitussive preparations that would not potentiate the development of psychological dependence.
* (Cetirizine) = Zyrtec
The influence of histamine receptor antagonists on antinociceptive action of narcotic analgesics.
The influence of some antagonists of histamine receptors on morphine-, fentanyl-, and pentazocine-induced analgesia was studied in rats and mice.
...
Thus, H1 and H2 antagonists potentiate the antinociceptive effects of morphine and fentanyl but the action of pentazocine is not changed by H1 antagonists and is affected in an inconsistent manner by a H2 antagonist cimetidine. It seems that the potentiating effect of H-antagonists is related to the opioid mu receptors.
Diphenhydramine potentiates narcotic but not endogenous opioid analgesia.
The analgesic effect of morphine in rats, as reflected in elevated thresholds for tail shock induced vocalizations, was markedly potentiated by the antihistamine, diphenhydramine. Intrinsic to the behavioral test paradigm employed are stressors which mobilize endogenous opioid activity as verified by the hyperalgesic effect of naloxone. Diphenhydramine failed to potentiate the analgesic effect of such endogenous opioid activity. The potentiating effect of antihistamines may therefore be mediated by mechanisms whose influence is restricted to systemically administered opiates.
________________
The ginsengs opioid antagonism is very interesting. When I have the time, a new thread will probably be made on the topic. "If" the ginseng does mimic narcan (regarding opioid receptor occupation) even in a minor way, it could be a great method to lower tolerance, by administering it in low doses daily on drug "off" days. I would never use or recommend it though for emergency / overdose protection, its onset would be way to slow and have nowhere near narcans effectiveness.
ChillsH2o - Formal education has mostly contributed to my knowledge of basic scientific principal, biochemistry and anatomy. I'm also taking a couple of neuropharmacology courses this semester. Research methods are self-learned.
Now I'm going to use the Promethazine [I.M inject @ 25mg (standard/max dosage)] to check my individual responsiveness to the compound for later this week, while watching and writing a film report.
