“I Just Wanted to Tell You That Loperamide WILL WORK”: A Web-Based Study of Extra-Medical Use of Loperamide
Many websites provide a means for individuals to share their experiences and knowledge about different drugs. Such User-Generated Content (UGC) can be a rich data source to study emerging drug use practices and trends. This study examined UGC on extra-medical use of loperamide among illicit opioid users.
Methods
A website that allows for the free discussion of illicit drugs and is accessible for public viewing was selected for analysis. Web-forum posts were retrieved using web crawlers and retained in a local text database. The database was queried to extract posts with a mention of loperamide and relevant brand/slang terms. Over 1,290 posts were identified. A random sample of 258 posts was coded using NVivo to identify intent, dosage, and side-effects of loperamide use.
To design effective prevention and policy measures, the substance abuse field requires timely and reliable information on new and emerging drug trends. Although existing epidemiological data systems, such as the National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH), the Community Epidemiology Work Group (CEWG), and the Drug Abuse Warning Network (DAWN), provide critically important data about drug abuse trends, they lag in time. Additional methods are needed to expand access to hard-to-reach populations and to enhance early identification of emerging trends.
There is an enormous amount of information available online about illicit drugs and the World Wide Web has been identified as one of the “leading edge” data sources for detecting patterns and changes in drug trends, and as a useful tool for reaching hidden populations.Many Web 2.0 empowered social platforms, including Web forums, provide a means for individuals to freely share their experiences, and post questions, comments, and opinions about different drugs. Such user-generated content (UGC) can be used as a very rich source of unsolicited, unfiltered and anonymous self-disclosures of drug use behaviors from hard-to-reach populations of illicit drug users