poledriver
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MANY people have seen the smoking baby on YouTube - the chubby, cheerful two-year-old from Sumatra with a pack-a-day habit. But Ardi Rizal was not a one-off curiosity. In the land of the child smoker, he is one of scores of toddlers and preschoolers addicted to nicotine.
Muhammad Dihan Awalidan is one. He's four years old, smoked his first cigarette at 2½, and gets through a pack of 25 a day. He started when he stole one of his father's cigarettes and lit it on the kitchen stove.
His parents, Iyan Ansori and mother Sulawati, are farmers from a hillside village in West Java. They know their son's habit is unhealthy, but feel powerless to stop him. He walks down to the local warung, or cafe, to buy his own cigarettes, sometimes staying for a coffee as well. If he's denied, ''it's like he's possessed, he really wants it'', says Iyan, who smokes a few cigarettes a day himself.
While the cigarette industry is beginning to lose its grip in developed nations - the federal government's victory on plain packaging legislation was hailed as an international breakthrough - health experts warn of a humanitarian disaster looming in poorer countries, particularly in the Asia-Pacific region.
''They [cigarette companies] are just wilfully imposing a pandemic on developing countries,'' says
Professor Mike Daube, a World Health Organisation tobacco control adviser and president of the Australian Council on Smoking and Health. ''They've known for more than 60 years that smoking kills. This is going to cause far more deaths than any wars we've ever seen.''
Dihan does not play much with other children, and doesn't say much to strangers. But when asked what smoking is like, he says ''enak'' - an Indonesian word which in this context means both ''delicious'' and ''it makes me feel good''.
Australia's northern neighbour is the wild west of tobacco. It's one of the few countries that has not signed the World Health Organisation's Framework Convention on Tobacco Control, which means there are few restrictions on advertising, warnings or smoking indoors. Outdoor cigarette advertising, footnoted by the mildest of warnings, assaults you wherever you go.
About 90 per cent of smokers here favour ''kretek'', clove cigarettes that are an Indonesian product and regarded by some with nationalistic fervour. They can be high in tar (39 milligrams compared with 16 milligrams for the strongest cigarette in Australia) and are sold in packets or by the stick. Some stalls set up outside schools to attract students.
Despite the preference for kretek, the Marlboro man - literally and figuratively dead in the West - is also alive in Indonesia. Global giants Philip Morris and British American Tobacco have moved in to Indonesia in the past 10 years, attracted by sales of a massive volume of cigarettes - 270 billion a year, and growing fast.
About two-thirds of men smoke either cigarettes or some form of tobacco, vastly outnumbering women because of cultural taboos. But young, smart, city women are now appearing in smoking ads, and some are beginning to break with tradition in pursuit of what Andika Priyono, an official from the country's child protection agency, calls the ''three Bs'' of modern success. ''BlackBerry, braces and black menthol [cigarettes],'' she told the Jakarta Globe newspaper recently.
Smokers in Indonesia are also getting younger. The University of Indonesia's Demographic Institute found that 71,000 Indonesians aged 10 to 14 were smokers in 1995. By 2010, there were 426,000 at least. Local cigarettes often have sweetened tips, making them taste like sweets.
The child protection agency, Komnas Anak, gave The Sunday Age a list of 10 smoking children whose names and histories it could confirm. It says almost 2 per cent of Indonesian smokers start at the age of four - a number that's rising. Even for the poor it's affordable, with a pack of 20 cigarettes starting at about 90¢.
Sandi Adi Susanto has been smoking since he was 18 months old. Every morning he asks for a coffee and a cigarette. He drinks alcohol too, if he can get it, and his parents believe he is possessed by the hard-bitten spirit of his late grandmother.
Continued at -
http://www.theage.com.au/world/in-indonesia-big-tobacco-hasnt-got-a-worry-20120825-24tlu.html
