• N&PD Moderators: Skorpio

Benzos and Irreversible Amnesia/Permanent Diminution of Neuroplasticity

seep

Bluelighter
Joined
Nov 28, 2008
Messages
1,347
It's maybe just an urban myth but where I live it's become the gospel truth that long-term use of benzodiazepines "destroys your memory." And so but then I can't find any decent study on the long-term effects of benzos viz memory, be it their putative role in irreversible amnesia or in the brain's loss of ability to form new memories. What rock have I yet to overturn--and if none, then whence the widely-held belief that benzos annihilate memory, a belief I hear propogated not just by patients but also by doctors? Is it just a misinterpretation of anterograde amnesia (a real effect of the stronger benzos) or a corruption of the causation-chain that links a surfeit of GABA to diminished anxiety and therefore heightened latent inhibition and therefore decreased awareness of detail and therefore the illusion of forgetfulness? Or is it, rather, a method of getting the undereducated to shy away from benzos?

I had a long and probing talk with my private psychiatrist today, mostly about my concerns over the possibility of my being on a therapeutic dose of alprazolam indefinitely. For the past 5 years I've managed to control (more or less) my outsize social anxiety with alprazolam 1 mg tid. I haven't abused it, except occasionally for acquiring new poon (booze is better for this but I can't go into class or work redolent of Appleton's).

Doc basically told me he doesn't like scripting benzos long-term but that in my case they were medically necessary and that I shouldn't worry about long-term effects because I'm not elderly and therefore am not likely to fall down a flight of step due to ataxia. "So you're saying the only significant risks of long-term use have to do with benzos making me more accident-prone and that half a century of Xanax will not cause any direct tissue damage?" I honestly can't remember his answer because his receptionist interrupted our session at this point and she is half-Greek half-Palestinian and is the face that launched a thousand rockets.

And so but then if anyone can point me to a study that supports the safety of long-term benzodiazepine use, I'll be most grateful.
 
I abused benzos (daily) for roughly ~3 years, and consumed doses of nor-diazepam exceeding 1 gram. I quit at ~80mg of diazepam (tablets), and despite suffering a terrible withdrawal (nearly 2 months of acute WD's, followed by 6 months of lesser withdrawal), my memory is as good as it was prior to using the benzos. I am, however, slightly more anxious than I was prior to the benzo abuse, but this is not too problematic as I was never very anxious to begin with. So long as you are using it as prescribed, I would not discontinue the medication, especially under the notion that it will be damaging to your memory in the long-term...


Check out the middle paragraph of: http://books.google.com/books?id=GwWSb6e_E3cC&pg=PP1&dq=Neuropsychological+Toxicology#PPA280,M1 ,where he says something to the effect of, "the pattern of impairment [memory] may be reversible; a group that had withdrawn from long-term benzodiazepine use could not be distinguished from controls"
 
Yeah, I hear you about the WD's. They don't scare me so much because I've been through opioid w/d cold turkey so many times (even though BZ w/d seems like an entirely different beast).

What truly scares me is that something's hopelessly out of sync between us social phobes and the way society has settled. I've spent my life usually being the smartest and most timid guy in the room. In preschool I had an effective defense mechanism: I'd attack (often with a weapon) anyone who would so much as snicker at me. Then I lost the fire and just became the quiet guy who'd have to intentionally get B's in order to not be ridiculed. As a teenager I tried to regain the fire by living inside a weight room and stockpiling guns, but it just made me the taciturn freak who'd screw up the curve on the physics test and skip the following class to rob houses. Then I found acid, coke, alcohol, roofies, ecstasy, ketamine, shrooms--somewhat like Saul in the desert found the Lord. The drugs would make me feel what I took at the time to be "human", which to me meant grabbing drunk girls and (sometimes literally) hoisting them onto my shoulders and taking them wherever the spirit led me. But that much intensity cannot hold.

I'm working late tonight so sorry for the confessional stuff. I'm serious about this: in the paragraphs you (Negrogesic) cite, look at the array of complex mental tasks the subjects perform. I'm not sure what quantities the authors mean by "high BZ intake" but I'm guessing it's enough to subdue their excessive anxiety--which implies that I could be performing at a much higher cognitive level if I could bear my anxiety. This was the gist of my conversation with my doc today, but his angle is that there is no such thing as a pathological mind regaining total mental stability, only a tenuous equilibrium requiring careful sacrifices. But goddammit I hate to give up some of my aptitudes, even temporarily; and underneath it all a demonic Other is slowly being vexed to nightmare by 5 years of stony sleep.

Thanks. It's comforting to know the cognitive inhibition is reversible.
 
I'm pretty sure that therapeutic use and recreational use are two different things, though. I'm almost positive that there is evidence of persisting damage from long term use from at least some benzos. For some reason, I think that the nitro benzos are worse. Clonazepam, Nitrazepam, Flunitrazepam, etc.
 
Have you considering doing Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy (CBT) with a Psychologist? Yes, benzos numb the anxiety symptoms in social situations, but they don't treat the underlying disorder, and you're dependent on them. CBT is a research-proven psychotherapy that is quite effective for social anxiety/phobia, and the effects last even after you discontinue treatment (unlike drugs).

If you're concerned about being on benzos long-term, I would really consider doing CBT so you can learn to be comfortable and drug-free in social situations. I've seen people make changes that are like night & day, in 12 sessions of CBT, with some hard work in between.
 
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8159265

Under barrier condition and with ad lib access to food and water, 20 Fischer-344 rats were chronically treated for 10 months with the benzodiazepine (BDZ) antagonist, flumazenil (FL; 4 mg/kg/day in drinking water acidified to pH = 3.0), beginning at the age of 13 months, while the group of 20 control age-matched rats received plain acidified water. The life span of the first 8 deceased rats treated with FL was significantly longer than that of the first 8 deceased rats in the age-matched control group. In tests for spontaneous ambulation and exploratory behavior in the Holeboard apparatus, conducted during the 3rd and the 8th month of treatment, the FL group, relative to controls, had significantly higher scores for the ambulation and exploratory behavior. In tests for unrewarded spontaneous alternation in the T maze, conducted at days 7, 39, 42, and 47 through 54 after drug withdrawal, i.e., at the age of 24-25 months, the FL-exposed group, compared to age-matched controls, showed a significantly higher percent of alternating choices, a behavior that was statistically comparable to that of the "young" 6-month-old controls. In the Radial Maze tests conducted 2 months after drug withdrawal, the FL group made significantly less "working memory" errors and "reference memory" errors, relative to the age-matched 25-month-old control group, a performance that was comparable to that of the young 7-month-old control group. In conclusion, chronic FL significantly protected rats from age-related loss of cognitive functions. It is postulated that the age-related alterations in brain function may be attributable to the negative metabolic/trophic influences of the "endogenous" benzodiazepine (BDZ) ligands and/or those ingested with food. A BDZ/GABAergic hypothesis of brain aging has been formulated which assumes that age-related and abnormally strong BDZ/GABAergic influences promote neurodegeneration by suppressing trophic functions of the aminergic and peptidergic neurons through opening of chloride channels in soma membrane and axon terminals, causing excessive hyperpolarizing and depolarizing inhibition, respectively. The review of human clinical and animal data indicates that FL has nootropic actions by enhancing vigilance cognitive and habituation processes.
 
Yes very much so but lets remember that at no point in this study were any benzos given to the rats, it was benzo antagonists versus a control group. Rats on benzos may not show any faster neurodegeneration than the control group while the group on antagonists may age significantly more slowly.

I think over all it is good food for thought but difficult to extrapolate much from it in terms of benzos cognitive impairment potential.
 
Top