@JitteryKitteryDoo - well, I was genuinely shocked to discover that the world's largest on-line API market has vendors offering (R) ketamine! It has
NO medical uses whatsoever.
My hypothesis is that when esketamine became favoured, at least some manufacturers tried to stay in the market by accepting that their production-line could still be used EXCEPT that after synthesis, the esketamine has to be resolved i.e. 50% is 'waste' arketamine. With large factories, it can take decades to earn back the investment and I suspect that it's unofficially known that arketamine isn't 'waste' but has an actual market value and with no laws explicitly controlling (R) ketamine, they just saw a legal way to make a profit from that 'waste' and to stay in business for long enough to cover the investment.
The more I look at the world ketamine market, the more surprised I am that so little control exists. I don't think a synthetic can retail at £20 unless it's extremely competitive and at huge scales so if esketamine isn't as popular, you may well have criminals buying both esketamine and arketamine and mixing them to produce the preferred (by most) raecemic product.
As I said, it's a shame that isophenidine got 'lost in the noise' because it's in theory a vastly cheaper alternative. I mean a 1-step room-temperature synthesis using two unwatched precursors, two unwatched solvents and two unwatched co-reactants. BUT scale is always KEY. It would take someone a while to work up to multi-tonne scales if only because that's the realm of chemical engineers rather than medicinal chemists.
If a reaction is SLIGHTLY exothermic, you wouldn't even detect it when producing 50g batches but at 5000kg that heat would need active management.
Plus of course, it's an open question as to isophenidine's legal position. It was discovered and documented before the UKs NPS laws so is it novel? Because how a law that in theory would make isopropanol illegal (drinking rubbing alcohol isn't uncommon among alcoholics) can work almost seems to be whatever the desired meaning is in a given case.
I have concluded that if dextromethorphan can be a [P] medicine while levormethorphan is a class A drug, UK law absolutely CAN treat optical isomers as two different drugs so making arketamine a class A drug would, I suggest, stop all of the current importers.
Of course it won't happen because the ACMD is hyperfocussing on people 'acquiring' esketamine-containing medicines and seem to have totally ignored the huge problem we have with ketamine.
I'm a firm believer in the fifth freedom but if K can be anything from pure esketamine to pure arketamine, that is not great. I note tiletamine was similarly exempted from the Markush-stucture based ban on all cyclohexylamines and that it has been misrepresented as ketamine. Now what the two isomers of THAT are like, I don't think anyone knows so if you play the 'mystery powder game' then I guess tiletamine cut into arketamine might be a cheap way to compete.
I'm too old to really understand how the UK ketamine market evolved but in spite of it being a class B drug, if it's as profitable as selling a class A drug, that's what importers/distributors term 'risk management'. If kids can buy a wrap for a few quid and UK law tends to avoid giving people under 18 criminal records, I suspect that the picture is fragmented.
I just know too much about how producers and distributors think. At best it's total disinterest, at worst they LIKE to cause harm - to 'play god'.