Methanfelony
Bluelighter
OP: "Ok, yeah, I'm a newbie, so I'm guessing that I'm gonna get raped on this post, but I'm gonna try it anyway. So anyway, my friends and I tweak every now and then, and when we do it, we pretty much stick to just the meth. However, one of my buddies is essentially a functional alcoholic, and he insists on drinking massive amounts for pretty much our entire session. The other night, he started looking like shit (partly because he hadn't eaten for I while, I think) and complaining that he didn't feel well. He lied down and seemed to have drifted off, but he started twitching rather violently for over an hour, and stayed in bed despite our efforts to keep him awake. Later, after he finally got up, we asked him what had happened and all that he could say was that he could hear us the whole time but that he couldn't move. So, my question, I guess, is how does Tweak react with Vodka, and what the fuck was wrong with my friend? Thanks."
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Info from Wikipedia:
Alcohol, sometimes referred to by the chemical name ethanol, is a psychoactive drug that is the active ingredient in drinks such as beer, wine, and distilled spirits (hard liquor). It is one of the oldest and most common recreational substances, causing the characteristic effects of alcohol intoxication ("drunkenness"). Among other effects, alcohol produces happiness and euphoria, decreased anxiety, increased sociability, sedation, impairment of cognitive, memory, motor, and sensory function, and generalized depression of central nervous system function.
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Ethanol in low doses causes euphoria, reduced anxiety, and sociability and in higher doses causes alcohol intoxication (drunkenness), stupor, unconsciousness, and generalized depression of central nervous system function. Long-term use can lead to alcohol abuse, physical dependence, and alcoholism.
Alcohol can be addictive to humans and can result in alcohol tolerance, alcohol withdrawal syndrome, drug dependence or alcoholism. It has a number of adverse effects on health. The drug has been adjudged to be neurotoxic when consumed in sufficient quantities. In high doses or overdose, alcohol may cause loss of consciousness or, in severe cases, death. It is a causative factor for many traffic accidents and fatalities due to intoxicated driving.
In the past, alcohol was believed to be a non-specific pharmacological agent affecting many neurotransmitter systems in the brain. However, molecular pharmacology studies have shown that alcohol has only a few primary targets. These effects are facilitatory in some systems and inhibitory in others.
Among the neurotransmitter systems with enhanced functions are:
Alcoholics Anonymous is an international mutual aid fellowship of alcoholics dedicated to abstinence-based recovery from alcoholism through its spiritually-inclined Twelve Step program. Following its Twelve Traditions, AA is non-professional, non-denominational, as well as apolitical and unaffiliated. In 2020 AA estimated its worldwide membership to be over two million with 75% of those in the U.S. and Canada.
AA has maintained neutrality towards the disease model of alcoholism though its program is sympathetic to it, but its wider acceptance has been partly due to many AA members independently promulgating it. Regarding its effectiveness, a recent scientific review has shown that AA does as well or better than clinical interventions or no treatment at all; in particular, AA produces better abstinence rates at lower medical costs.
- @deficiT
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Info from Wikipedia:
Alcohol, sometimes referred to by the chemical name ethanol, is a psychoactive drug that is the active ingredient in drinks such as beer, wine, and distilled spirits (hard liquor). It is one of the oldest and most common recreational substances, causing the characteristic effects of alcohol intoxication ("drunkenness"). Among other effects, alcohol produces happiness and euphoria, decreased anxiety, increased sociability, sedation, impairment of cognitive, memory, motor, and sensory function, and generalized depression of central nervous system function.
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| Chemical and physical data | |
|---|---|
| Identifiers | |
| Pharmacokinetic data | |
| Legal status | |
| Dependence liability | Moderate |
| Addiction liability | Moderate (10–15%)[2] |
| Routes of administration | Common: by mouth Uncommon: suppository, inhalation, ocular, insufflation, injection |
| Drug class | Analgesic; Depressants; Sedatives; Anxiolytics; Euphoriants; GABAA receptor positive modulators |
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| Legal status |
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| Bioavailability | 80%+ |
| Protein binding | Weakly or not at all |
| Metabolism | Liver (90%): • Alcohol dehydrogenase • MEOS (CYP2E1) |
| Metabolites | Acetaldehyde; Acetate; Acetyl-CoA; Carbon dioxide; Water; Ethyl glucuronide; Ethyl sulfate |
| Onset of action | Peak concentrations: • Range: 30–90 minutes • Mean: 45–60 minutes • Fasting: 30 minutes |
| Elimination half-life | Constant-rate elimination at typical concentrations: • Range: 10–34 mg/dL/hour • Mean (men): 15 mg/dL/hour • Mean (women): 18 mg/dL/hr At very high concentrations (t1/2): 4.0–4.5 hours |
| Duration of action | 6–16 hours (amount of time that levels are detectable) |
| Excretion | • Major: metabolism (into carbon dioxide and water) • Minor: urine, breath, sweat (5–10%) |
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| DrugBank |
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| KEGG |
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| PDB ligand |
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| Formula | C2H6O |
| Molar mass | 46.069 g·mol−1 |
| Density | 0.7893 g/cm3 (at 20 °C) |
| Melting point | −114.14 ± 0.03 °C (−173.45 ± 0.05 °F) |
| Boiling point | 78.24 ± 0.09 °C (172.83 ± 0.16 °F) |
| Solubility in water | Miscible mg/mL (20 °C) |
Ethanol in low doses causes euphoria, reduced anxiety, and sociability and in higher doses causes alcohol intoxication (drunkenness), stupor, unconsciousness, and generalized depression of central nervous system function. Long-term use can lead to alcohol abuse, physical dependence, and alcoholism.
Alcohol can be addictive to humans and can result in alcohol tolerance, alcohol withdrawal syndrome, drug dependence or alcoholism. It has a number of adverse effects on health. The drug has been adjudged to be neurotoxic when consumed in sufficient quantities. In high doses or overdose, alcohol may cause loss of consciousness or, in severe cases, death. It is a causative factor for many traffic accidents and fatalities due to intoxicated driving.
In the past, alcohol was believed to be a non-specific pharmacological agent affecting many neurotransmitter systems in the brain. However, molecular pharmacology studies have shown that alcohol has only a few primary targets. These effects are facilitatory in some systems and inhibitory in others.
Among the neurotransmitter systems with enhanced functions are:
- GABA: In a fashion similar to benzodiazepines and barbiturates, an enhancement of the inhibitory system known as GABA induces neurological inhibition. This depresses the behavioral inhibitory centers, slows down the processing of information from the senses, inhibits thought processes and generally induces suppression of both normal physical and cognitive functioning.
- 5-HT3 receptor agonism
- Glycine
- Nicotinic acetylcholine receptors
- Adenosine: Ethanol blocks adenosine uptake via inhibiting the nucleoside transport system in bronchial epithelial cells. Inhibition of adenosine uptake by ethanol leads to an increased extracellular adenosine accumulation, influencing the effect of adenosine at the epithelial cell surface, which may alter airway homeostasis.
- Glutamate: By making this excitatory neurotransmitter less effective, neurological functioning is further inhibited. Alcohol does this by interacting with the receptors on the receiving cells in these pathways and blocking glutamate from binding to NMDA receptors and triggering electrochemical signals.
- Dihydropyridine
Alcoholics Anonymous is an international mutual aid fellowship of alcoholics dedicated to abstinence-based recovery from alcoholism through its spiritually-inclined Twelve Step program. Following its Twelve Traditions, AA is non-professional, non-denominational, as well as apolitical and unaffiliated. In 2020 AA estimated its worldwide membership to be over two million with 75% of those in the U.S. and Canada.
AA has maintained neutrality towards the disease model of alcoholism though its program is sympathetic to it, but its wider acceptance has been partly due to many AA members independently promulgating it. Regarding its effectiveness, a recent scientific review has shown that AA does as well or better than clinical interventions or no treatment at all; in particular, AA produces better abstinence rates at lower medical costs.
- @deficiT
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