I think this further illustrates that the phenomenon is not confined to just one source or one cause for it to occur. You know, bc I think sometimes the chemists are running certain steps with too much heat in an effort to speed up the process of manufacturing. This can break apart the 3,4-methylenedioxy ring and excess heat used during reductive amination can affect the enantiomeric output and during any of these stages multiple opportunities for impurities and side products can make their way into the end product matrix that will test positive for MDMA, but without refined testing will not reveal how it's overall composition includes previously unidentified compounds and unbalanced enantiomeric mixtures that negatively impact the qualitative effects one ordinarily expects and experiences from 3,4-MDMA hydrochloride. So it might not be accurate to conclude that everyone's MDMmeh experience is similarly lacking in CNS stimulation.
To a degree, MDMA does mute the effects of psychedelics somewhat for me. For instance, I trip much harder just taking acid by itself instead of combining it with MDMA, and that's taking it before, after, or at the same time. MDMA—in addition to being a releasing agent of dopamine, norepinephrine and serotonin—it also acts as a partial, weaker reuptake inhibitor. Eventually, MDMA blockades its own activity, which is why the hardest part of a roll is in the beginning, during the first four hours or so. People will chase that high because they don't realize that you can't just force that magic to come back. And I figure using MDMA really depletes the brain's serotonin reserves which are pivotal to LSD and other psychedelics' method of action. Btw, you mentioned 5HT5A receptors, but I think those have something to do more with promnesic and amnesic effects unless I'm missing something here. Did you mean 5HT2A receptors? That's the one all classic psychedelics affect to some degree.
That's not a fair statement. It's only useless on this and other specific topics of controversy, but the vast majority of its capabilities seems on par with its peers. It's just censored in unnecessary and frustrating ways.
And let's not forget: these AI tools have shortcomings and are occasionally prone to AI hallucination. I like to take what they say with a grain of skepticism hydrochloride salt.
It can be ANY and I MEAN any number of things. I did reach out to MAPS AGES ago, when I encountered my meh batch after I gave someone some safrole and gave me some in return sorta deal. Was 100% meh, like 300mg and you just needed to keep doing more and more. Even the person who did the NMR felt it was seriously off.. anyways I believe that was extra methylamine he said, at least what I figured out after he went over his note. Talking to MAPS someone REALLY high up. I don't think it was Doblin but ... The chemistry of MDMA is not a given, and requires expert development to get to the commercial standard we need
to ensure patient access and safety at scale. However, it should not be expected that we will stop learning about the chemistry
of this compound; changes in manufacturing process, scale, and product formulation can bring with them new challenges and lessons.
The level of detail, in purification in every step is absolutely insane. I imagine most would just distill the freebase or the intermittent precourser and at best most likely use bisulfite to chicken fat it something.
This document should be HEAVILY REDACTED PER FORUM RULES
I did reach out to MAPS at least to try and get an answer or 2 awhile ago. While I might not be 100% completely accurate. I do remember MAPS have or work on 4 batches And online research kinda all lines up to the story. At no point from who the person I spoke to was very adamant that the person that RECIEVED the drug aka not placebo did the person who got real MDMA did not encounter meh effects we have reported over the years. They were VERY forward that no matter which path they took they never had heard of this meh vs magic phenomenon...
Doblin pointed out, MDMA lacks an “entourage effect,” where different compounds work together to create greater benefits or a different kind of high. “You’re extracting precursors [from a natural source], then chemically modifying them to get MDMA,” Doblin said. Regardless of which precursors the chemists are starting with, the end product made in these labs is still the same compound: high-purity MDMA. “It’s the placebo effect,” said Doblin. “Plant-based MDMA is no different in any way at all, but people think ‘natural’ is better.”
“Plant-based MDMA is no different in any way at all, but people think ‘natural’ is better.”
the last being the cGMP processing we know today. Was told a few things that may be noone really knows. But I did SPEAK to someone VERY VERY high up at MAPS once. Probably helped at the time their headquarters were right up the street/ I did volunteer work for em.
Is plant-based, fair-trade MDMA the future of psychedelic medicine...or just hype?
doubleblindmag.com
The first batch was made by Dr. David Nicholas in the 70s ish when safrole was not regulated. They obtained a 99.x purity for phase I trials.
The second route, after the clamp down was a small batch using catechol.it was messy but they really wanted it to be viewed as "natural". MDMA derived from natural sources just sounds a lot better, even though it’s not anything different from a safety perspective
“We’ve learned from polling like we did in Oregon [and]Colorado that we can pass plant-based medicines, but synthetics are a bridge too far,” said David Bronner, CEO of Dr. Bronner’s soap and a major advocate in the psychedelic movement. “MDMA derived from natural sources just sounds a lot better, even though it’s not anything different from a safety perspective,” he said. “But just for electoral voting reasons, that’s a way better framework.”
The 3rd route when I actually called probably circa 2017-2019? They were DEFINITELY 100% GOING the Piperonal route. They in fact flat out told me this when I encountered my meh and started posting here. No idea of these were "official" trials or what. But was somewhere between phase 2 and phase 3
maps.org
. I was personally excited, too, since SPS’ final proposal had selected as a precursor a compound used in flavoring and perfumery, and I have a personal interest in fragrance chemistry.
Since we signed the contract with SPS, we have received regular communications from members of their team in the UK. After resolving a small issue obtaining a license from the British Home Office to manufacturer a controlled substance, SPS began taking the first steps in formulating a production route. They send us biweekly reports of each step in the process, including any snags or difficulties they encounter. At one point, we received images of test results from the material. We are fortunate to have the expertise of David Nichols and a Swiss pharmacologist in this process, whom we include in our correspondence with SPS.
Smith is thus placing his bets on being able to convince Lykos that switching over to his more sustainable, fair trade, and ethical version of MDMA will give them a competitive market advantage over other pharmaceutical companies’ generic versions.
Compared to psilocybin mushrooms or cannabis, Doblin pointed out, MDMA lacks an “entourage effect,” where different compounds work together to create greater benefits or a different kind of high. “You’re extracting precursors [from a natural source], then chemically modifying them to get MDMA,” Doblin said. Regardless of which precursors the chemists are starting with, the end product made in these labs is still the same compound: high-purity MDMA. “It’s the placebo effect,” said Doblin. “Plant-based MDMA is no different in any way at all, but people think ‘natural’ is better.”
Still, there’s a long way to go before Ford’s dream of fair-trade, sustainably-grown MDMA can become a reality. According to Martins, he would need to go back to planting the Piper hispidum plant himself to reach the global scale that Smith is promising, which would require buying more land, hiring specialists, and investing heavily in irrigation and transport. In 2020, Martins quoted Smith 1.5 million reais (USD $256,764.37), which is probably much higher after adjustments for inflation. The hope that Lykos will buy the fair-trade version and psychedelic activists will get measures on future ballots or get resolutions passed by city councils also remains purely within the realm of speculation.
Eventually they did a fundraiser, they even still had MULTIPLE kilos of 99.9 or whatever from David Nicholas from Perdue but going forward the government required GMP.
I also learned that what we had considered to be a large batch of MDMA is actually considered small in the realm of drug manufacturing. Representatives from several firms told us that they could just
as easily make a kilogram of MDMA as they could 100g or 500g, so the price would be almost the same. Since that was the case, trying to determine exactly how much MDMA we would need for Phase 3 trials was not necessary. If the price is similar and we can further more research by bringing more GMP MDMA into the world, then why not order a kilogram. Eitherway a LOT of people got pissed off considering they were getting single for way less. No I won't mention COSTS at the time. AND I only gave the 500,000 number because well context of a pharma vs street. I had expected that manufacturing a chemical that is over 100 years old to be a simple process, like making widgets. I thought that there was a set of directions that all pharmacologists and chemists would know that would produce MDMA. However, from our discussions and exchanges during the search, we learned that building a chemical is more akin to cooking or artwork: finding a cost-effective, high-yield route to making a future medicine is a creative process of discovery, not to be found in a single set of directions.
Need for funding
The manufacture of GMP drugs is not cheap. The total cost of one kilogram of MDMA from SPS is approximately $400,000, not including the cost of encapsulating and packaging our finished product. To give further perspective, the MDMA for a single treatment session costs $75, while the MDMA for three sessions (one course) costs $250. We recently raised about $150,000 for GMP MDMA from our 30th Anniversary and our Global Psychedelic Dinners last spring, but the remaining funds needed to purchase this MDMA are still significant. Before 2016 comes to a close, I hope you will support this crucial step in making MDMA a prescription medicine.
If it needs to be edited mods please let me know but that's the buissness rate not the street rate... I did probably help that Dr. Bronners was willing to MATCH 50% up to 250k or something like that? I'm sure that definitely took a bit of the sting. They even retested to make sure it was still 99.9% but the government said GMP for this round or get out.
In the context of drug manufacture, the word “commercial” is an important distinction, as it indicates a different standard of production. As we move through the study phases, the requirements for manufacture, analytical testing, and release change and become more stringent for both investigational (unlicensed, clinical-only) active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) and for drug product (the finished dosage form, e.g., capsule or tablet). Good manufacturing practices (GMPs) apply to all, but the level of detail and documentation required increases with exposure and risk. In other words, the regulatory requirements for an investigational drug used in small early-phase trials, manufactured on a small scale without the need for multiple-batch reproducibility, is different than for investigational drugs used for larger, late-phase trials or commercial products (wherein batch sizes can be many orders of magnitude larger and are part of multiple-batch, routine manufacturer
Since the first late-phase GMP API campaign carried out by the MAPS CMO, there has been much development work around the four-stage chemical synthesis which forms the basis of the manufacturing process. The chemical purity of the API used by MAPS in any clinical trial has always been extremely high, >99.9%, and that standard has been maintained through scale-up. The focus of the development work on the planned commercial synthetic route has been to support batch reproducibility at a higher scale, validation through intermediate parameters, and ease of stage reaction processing and optimized yield—put more simply, making the reaction easier and cleaner with a higher output of material for the same inputs.
This activity has been carried out through multiple ascending-scale reaction experiments for each of the stages, culminating in 15 experiments for each of the intermediate reactions, to define what is called a ”design space” that gives the parameters offering the desired purity and yield.
However, even with this appropriately thorough approach from small-scale to large-scale development, the design space that was defined for Stage 2 of the reaction was shown to not completely predict the outcome. The model that was produced was just a model, and one that produced an unexpected result. More experiments were then completed to understand the issues that related broadly to the larger-scale equipment and the different agitation levels required to get the purity needed for intermediate stages of the synthesis.
Another significant lesson from the last 12 months of API development work was the discovery of two new polymorphic forms of MDMA, never seen previously in the literature. A polymorph refers to a well-defined crystalline structure, where the molecules are attached to each other in a repeatable pattern. A good example of this is C6 (carbon). Carbon will bond to itself six times to form the commonly known “benzene ring” molecule. However, the way these C6 molecules bond to each other can take different crystalline or polymorphic forms, such as diamond vs graphite. Both polymorphs are the same molecule—but one, diamond, is the hardest substance known and the other, graphite, one of the softest. This is an extreme example, but clearly shows why it is so important to understand the chemistry of any molecule that is being developed for human use.
Thankfully, in the case of MDMA, the polymorphism is not as extreme as carbon. But previously in the literature, based on the limited investigations, there was thought to be only one polymorph form of MDMA (“The ecstasy and the agony; compression studies of 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine [MDMA]”, Acta Crystallographica Section B Structural Science, Crystal Engineering and Materials, 2015).
This MDMA polymorph form is the same that has been used in all MAPS sponsored studies to date, now known as “Form 1,” previously characterized through X-ray powder diffraction (XRPD). It is by far the most stable of the forms, and to force the MDMA molecules into the new polymorphs (Form 2 and Form 3) it requires manipulation using different solvents and crystallization techniques. Both Form 2 and Form 3 are metastable to Form 1, meaning that they easily revert to Form 1. However, now that their presence is known, identification of these forms has been added to the release and stability specifications via a method sensitive enough to identify them (even in small quantities relative to Form 1).
Some clandestine labs reliably produce large quantities of high-quality MDMA; (23) however, these facilities necessarily operate outside of regulatory frameworks and certainly do not report or document cGMP-compliant procedures.
Why MAPS is different HEAVILY REDACTED PER FORUM RULES.
I've read this route was SPECIFICALLY chose not just for scale but also clean or prevent up of any abnormal dimmers etc.etcClandestine chemists preparing MDMA for the black market have additionally developed a number of synthetic routes from readily available starting materials like catechol eugenol isosafrole and piperine though most still approach MDMA through a safrole or (less frequently) piperonal intermediate. These synthetic methods often rely on chemicals readily available to ordinary consumers, in an effort to circumvent controlled substance precursor regulations. Most of these clandestine syntheses are well-documented, both by anonymous chemists, in online forums, and by forensic scientists, who often identify clandestine production methods by their distinct impurity profiles.
A Huber Unistat was used for temperature control and logging. In-process analysis was conducted by HPLC, with supplemental 1H NMR analysis used to quantify residual solvent content during evaporation steps. A wiped-film evaporator was used for distillation. All processes were conducted under nitrogen (target: <5% O2). Residual solvent testing was performed on an Agilent J&W DB-624 HRGC column (60 m × 0.32 mm, 1.80 μm film thickness).
analysis of multiple batches, from a range of suppliers, indicated that the only significant impurities present in the batch are 5,6-dibromo-1,3-benzodioxole and succinimide, which is insoluble in Compound 11 and consequently present in only very trace amounts. We additionally screen for the presence of 4-bromo-1,3-benzodioxole, which would likely present separation challenges during production, but we have never observed this isomer in the starting material. At the levels observed, neither of the two significant impurities interfered with the downstream chemistry
Removed by skorpio
MDMA·HCl was previously known to form one major crystal form (Form I) and at least four hydrates that incorporate 0.25–1 waters of hydration. (16) Our polymorphic screening process identified two new anhydrous crystal forms (Forms II and III) and established Form I as the most stable of the three. Form II can be reproducibly produced from a variety of alcoholic solvents, as well as in the presence of ethyl acetate and an ethereal antisolvent. Unlike Form III, which spontaneously converted to Form I after 2.5 weeks at ambient conditions, and could not be reproduced, Form II is shelf-stable, though it will convert to Form I under competitive equilibration conditions. Interestingly, both Form I and Form II reversibly convert into the known monohydrate; upon dehydration, the monohydrate formed from Form I will revert back to Form I, and the monohydrate formed from Form II will revert back to Form II. If crystallized from a concentrated aqueous solution with no form memory, the monohydrate will thermally dehydrate exclusively into Form I.