Heroin Is heroin dying out?? Losing popularity?

[Esperighanto]

OMG TIANEPTINE

Please tell me more! Yes, it's available in Germany, but there are almost no reports on it. Only on the forum "eve rave"—maybe you know it—it's actually the drug forum for all German-speaking people, but their experiences were very short. They basically said it feels like an "opioid lite."

It causes minimal to mild euphoria and also minimal to mild sedation and muscle relaxation, but only when you take at least 6-8 pills (the only option available in Germany is 12.5mg). I also heard that the total duration is just 2-3 hours, and there is no "extended release" generic on the market.

Please go into detail and compare it with the main opioids like tramadol, morphine, codeine, and oxycodone, as well as with the standard benzodiazepines and, if you have experience with them, other atypical antidepressants and/or tricyclic antidepressants.


Im going to sent in a picture in the next seconds, that is the only option available here

It has essentially nothing more in common with benzodiazepines than a more traditional opioid like oxycodone or morphine would, that full body relaxation feeling essentially. I was using tianeptine sulphate and didn't really enjoy it until I pushed the doses high, perhaps it's bad to mention but I would routinely dose 200-300mg on no tolerance to really get the effects I wanted, if it was just tianeptine in my system and nothing else. The fact that it was being moved in 12.5mg pills makes me wonder about the salt forms and how that's impacting our perception of how to dose it. I was also playing around with tianpetine as a free acid and it needeed way less, 65mg had me nodding. There's incredibly little reliable literature pertaining to this drug, tragically. I wonder if I caught a weak or stepped on batch of the sulphate salt.

The effects are like if Tramadol's stimulating edginess was amplified numerous times and overlain with the manic character of oxycodone, there's very little in common with codeine or morphine other than the fact that they're all opioids so they cause pupilary constriction, painkilling effects, etc. however tianeptine has a uniquely functional feeling to it. I did not feel inhibited skateboarding, riding a bicycle, anything. If I can still kickflip just fine on a drug, I usually consider it somewhat non-inhibitive, though I also acknowledge that's a goofy ass metric. I've never used more traditional tricyclic antidepressants, but compared to atypical ones, it made my thoughts organize in a way that only aripirazole has done, and I've found tianeptine to have a mood boost that's somewhere between high dose kratom extracts, cannabis, and carisoprodol.

It's a very unique drug, and if somebody's acclimated to oxycodone, or is an opioid addict, they'll think it's abject garbage due to how weak it is by mass. Here in the states though, it's sold in supplement stores alongside phenibut, floribut, DMAA, DMHA, DMEA, mitragynine, 7-OH-mitragynine, yohimbine, oxytocin, amanita mushrooms, agmatine, ephedrine laced caffeine pills, kavalactone capsules, and high potency extracts of Sceletium tortuosum (kanna) as a "supplement".

 

[marcoman]

Good info here, thanks all!

 

[Mana0909]

It has essentially nothing more in common with benzodiazepines than a more traditional opioid like oxycodone or morphine would, that full body relaxation feeling essentially. I was using tianeptine sulphate and didn't really enjoy it until I pushed the doses high, perhaps it's bad to mention but I would routinely dose 200-300mg on no tolerance to really get the effects I wanted, if it was just tianeptine in my system and nothing else. The fact that it was being moved in 12.5mg pills makes me wonder about the salt forms and how that's impacting our perception of how to dose it. I was also playing around with tianpetine as a free acid and it needeed way less, 65mg had me nodding. There's incredibly little reliable literature pertaining to this drug, tragically. I wonder if I caught a weak or stepped on batch of the sulphate salt.

The effects are like if Tramadol's stimulating edginess was amplified numerous times and overlain with the manic character of oxycodone, there's very little in common with codeine or morphine other than the fact that they're all opioids so they cause pupilary constriction, painkilling effects, etc. however tianeptine has a uniquely functional feeling to it. I did not feel inhibited skateboarding, riding a bicycle, anything. If I can still kickflip just fine on a drug, I usually consider it somewhat non-inhibitive, though I also acknowledge that's a goofy ass metric. I've never used more traditional tricyclic antidepressants, but compared to atypical ones, it made my thoughts organize in a way that only aripirazole has done, and I've found tianeptine to have a mood boost that's somewhere between high dose kratom extracts, cannabis, and carisoprodol.

It's a very unique drug, and if somebody's acclimated to oxycodone, or is an opioid addict, they'll think it's abject garbage due to how weak it is by mass. Here in the states though, it's sold in supplement stores alongside phenibut, floribut, DMAA, DMHA, DMEA, mitragynine, 7-OH-mitragynine, yohimbine, oxytocin, amanita mushrooms, agmatine, ephedrine laced caffeine pills, kavalactone capsules, and high potency extracts of Sceletium tortuosum (kanna) as a "supplement".

The salt form is "Sodium."
Do you see the "Tianeptin-Natrium" on both of the boxes? That actually means "Tianeptine-Sodium" translated.

Natrium = Sodium

Another thing is, do you see the symbol "N2" on the left and the symbol "N1" on the right box? That actually stands for the number of pellets per box. You can see that on the right it has "N1," which means 30 pellets, which is the smallest package. The left one has the "N2," which contains 60 pellets, and then there is also an "N3" version, which contains 90 pellets.

That differs from drug to drug. For Diazepam, it's: N1 = 10 pellets, N2 = 20 pellets, and N3 = 50 pellets. Another fact is that all Diazepam 10mg boxes (no matter if it's the smallest: N1, N2, or N3, that's not important) are red-painted, meaning the "10mg" has a red background, which stands for "highest dose." There are also yellow colors, which stand for "medium dose," containing "5mg" of Diazepam. These colors (none, yellow, and red) are only law for generics. The original products, like Valium from Hoffman La Roche, don't have to mark the dosage with colors.

But back to your experience, it really sounds like you would recommend giving Tianeptine a try, right? The only thing I'm confused about is the mood boost. You say that it's intense? The users on eve rave told me that the euphoria is very subtle, maybe comparable to a low dose of Tramadol or Kratom, with mild sedating and relaxing elements. And you even say that its pain relief component is surprisingly effective?

The problem is, dosing up between 200 - 300mg would feel insanely wrong, considering that there are only 12.5mg options in my country. How is this possible? I mean, many say the first effects are only achieved by over 100mg....

 

[Esperighanto]

You say that it's intense? The users on eve rave told me that the euphoria is very subtle, maybe comparable to a low dose of Tramadol or Kratom, with mild sedating and relaxing elements. And you even say that its pain relief component is surprisingly effective?

Keep in mind that without having touched an opioid in a month or so I'd taken a third gram of Tianeptine, which would've been 24 12.5mg tablets. I was acquiring it as pure crystal, as it tends to be sold only in that form here in the US, I actually don't even know where I could find pressed Tianeptine. Frankly I don't want people pressing Tianeptine, I prefer every drug I can acquire to be as close to pure as possible, so I can reagent test and run a melting point analysis on my own without going through the pain-in-the-ass hassle of extracting pill binders and excipients from a product that expects me to just trust that it's as pure as it claims to be. I couldn't even notice Tianeptine until I broke ~125mg, personally, but then it hit me like a goddamn train. The pain relief blew kratom and cannabis out of the water, I'd place it closer to oxycodone or 7-OH-Mitragynine.

But back to your experience, it really sounds like you would recommend giving Tianeptine a try, right?

Definitely, but dose in a wiser range than I did.

When I'm talking about salt forms, it's similar to how you can take a freebase version of a molecule and then "salt it out" as chemists say, by attaching an acid to the freebase. Often this is necessary to get it into a desireable form. Amphetamine for example, as a perfectly pure freebase exists as an oil that's truly a severe pain in the ass to work with, whereas you can salt it out with hydrochloric acid to make amphetamine hydrochloride, sulphuric acid to make amphetamine sulphate, acetic acid to make amphetamine acetate, etc., but each time you salt a molecule out, you now have to keep in mind that per freebase molecule, there will be a molecule of the acid used in the salting process as well. For example, your street speed in Germany is almost guaranteed to be amphetamine sulphate, meaning that for every mg of amphetamine you consume, 1/2.7 (~37%) is amphetamine, and the remainder of the drug is just sulphuric acid.

I suspect that the batch of Tianeptine I got that claimed to be of the sulphate salt was not, and honestly I ate it all up before I had time to freebase it and see what precipitated to be able to validate the vendor's claims of the salt form. Whereas I could comfortably reach up to 500mg with the batch I had, PsychonautWiki claims that a strong dose ranges from 35-100mg. I can confidently say though that this material I had not only dissolved evenly in solvents that academic literature supported, but it also vaporized with in an oddly effective manner, which I found strange but I'm not sure many others have tried that. I just know that sulphate salts are generally heinous as fuck to vaporize.

Keep in mind also, I've got ~10% of my intestines left all together, have taken high potency opioids hundreds if not thousands of times, and I weigh 100-105kg. Countless attempts that teenaged me took at intentionally overdosing on 300-500mg of oxycodone were fruitless, and just resulted instead in states of psychosis where I'd be so itchy I'd scratch my skin off until I look like I've been rolling around in razor blades, unable to recognize my friends or family, trying to kill anyone in sight, trying to steal their guns to kill myself, etc. all with no memory formation. I wouldn't even believe that shit had happened if not for videos of the events. Some people are seemingly a little bit more "overdose-proof" than others as far as being able to die from it, nowadays I suspect it relates to metabolic quirks like one's enzymatic profile or GI tract for example.

 

[Mana0909]

@Esperighanto Yes, you are right. Our street speed (amphetamine) is indeed in 999,999/1,000,000 cases bound with "sulfate" salt, but the drug "Elvanse," also called "Vyvanse," actually changed from sulfate to dimesylate. Most of our street amphetamine now uses dimesylate, since 3-4 years ago, meaning the change occurred in late 2020.

Here are some very basic pieces of information:

Sulfate:

• Chemical Composition: Sulfate is a salt or ester of sulfuric acid containing the anion SO₄²⁻.
• Usage: Sulfates are commonly used in various industries, including pharmaceuticals, detergents, and fertilizers. For example, dextroamphetamine sulfate is a common form of medication used to treat ADHD.

Dimesylate:

• Chemical Composition: Dimesylate is a salt formed from the reaction of a compound with two molecules of methanesulfonic acid (mesylate).
• Usage: Dimesylates are often used in modern pharmaceuticals to improve the solubility and stability of the active ingredient. For example, lisdexamfetamine dimesylate is a prodrug used to treat ADHD and binge eating disorder.

In summary, while both sulfate and dimesylate are used to form salts of active pharmaceutical ingredients, they differ in their chemical structure and specific applications. Sulfates are more commonly found in a variety of products, whereas dimesylates are specifically used to enhance the properties of certain medications. However, as I mentioned above, this fact has changed, and amphetamine with dimesylate salt has been discovered. The only reason I could imagine for this is the stability (especially for transportation), improved solubility (meaning it can be better absorbed than sulfate amphetamine), and the controlled release, meaning the effect would last longer.

I'm not a chemistry professor by any means, but binding dimesylate salt with normal amphetamine would require a lot of work and skill, as well as modern technology. It is way more expensive than the good old "amphetamine sulfate" way. As I said, that was incredibly rare. We only have access to 7 total records of this special amphetamine charge, and I never saw it with my own eyes. But the people who told me about it were actually teaching chemistry at my neighboring university, so I'm very, very sure they told the truth.

Another thing I wanted to tell you is that almost all RC drugs are always in HCL form because it's very cheap and very effective (body absorption). All benzodiazepines are always in HCL form, as well as cathinone analogues, such as 3,4-EtPV (3,4-dimethylene-α-Pyrrolidinovalerophenone), which is an MDPV analogue. Reports also said that it's a very strong stimulant. But again, many powdered substances that you can find will be in HCL form. There are exceptions like Phenibut FAA, which I greatly recommend because it's not as bitter and salty as the HCL form, and it's also healthier because HCL can be very toxic in high doses. Many started to vomit blood, so be careful there.

But back to Tianeptine, it's actually the only medication here in my country that uses sodium salt, which is believed to reduce absorption, making it harder to abuse. It's the same as our Tilidine products. Let me send you a photo.

I don't know if it's the same in the U.S., but you can see how many pharmaceutical brands exist over here, right? That's only a small portion of brands. However, you can see that every dose of tilidine is paired with naloxone, right? That is to ensure that you cannot overdose and abuse it too much. When you reach more than 300mg of tilidine (24mg of naloxone), the naloxone is triggered, and the rush is over.

For everyone who doesn't know: naloxone is a potent opioid receptor antagonist. It's often used to rescue people from opioid overdoses, especially from fentanyl in the U.S. Tilidine is an opioid that's only available here in my country and in 3-4 other smaller countries in Europe. Everywhere else, it's banned because of its massive abuse potential. It acts not only as a µ-opioid receptor agonist (MOR), but it is also a moderately strong dopamine reuptake inhibitor and a mild NMDA antagonist. The potency of tilidine is 1:5 (compared to morphine), meaning 30mg of morphine would be 6mg of tilidine. However, nortilidine, a major active metabolite of tilidine, is actually the drug that causes all those effects, meaning that tilidine itself doesn't have any psychoactive effects. Nortilidine has the same potency as morphine, meaning 1:1.

In my opinion, tilidine is the best opioid because of its heavy euphoria, caused by the major second effect (dopamine reuptake inhibitor), which makes it one of the most euphoric opioids that you can get. There are also forms of tilidine without naloxone, but those only exist in liquid form and can only be prescribed with a special prescription that can be faked.

In my country, there are two major types of prescriptions that you can get. There are also some others that make you pay less for a drug, but those aren't important:

Normal Prescription (colored pink):

• Drugs you get with it: tramadol (only pellets, not liquid), codeine (only with pamol, as a combination drug), tilidine (with naloxone), ibuprofen 600mg and 800mg, most benzodiazepines (diazepam, clonazepam, bromazepam, alprazolam, etc.), and basically every medication that isn't psychoactive.

These normal prescriptions can be faked and can be prescribed by any doctor who studied medicine. These are probably comparable with prescriptions in your country, but we also have a second form.

BTM (Betäubungsmittel) Prescription (colored yellow):

• There isn't a direct translation for BTM. When you ask Google, it says simply "drug." When translated 1:1, it would mean "numbing medium/means."
• Drugs you get with it: tramadol (all doses and sizes), morphine, tilidine (all doses and sizes), oxycodone, methylphenidate (Ritalin), dexamphetamine (Strattera), lisdexamfetamine (Elvanse/Vyvanse), special benzodiazepines (flunitrazepam and temazepam), etc. Basically everything.

The BTM Prescription is a special form of a prescription that can only be obtained by special doctors, such as psychologists. This means normal doctors (family doctors), where you would go when you are sick, don't have the right and allowance to hand out a BTM Prescription. They are also almost impossible to fake because when you want to "cash in" your BTM Prescription, they fully check every single detail on this prescription and check on their computer if this doctor exists, if they have the allowance, and also compare it with past signatures of the specialized doctors where they signed other BTM Prescriptions. Also, all of the BTM-required meds are stored in a big vault that always has the same quality and security as a bank vault (every drug store in Germany has these measures).

 

[3DQSAR]

Tianeptine. Elsewhere I've posted a link to a patent in which the QSAR of the opioid activity was derived.

3

Pharmacology Thread 'A new class of mu-opioid receptor agonists (tianeptine derivatives)'

Nov 10, 2024

US-2017217913-A1

https://patents.google.com/patent/US20170217913A1/en?oq=US-2017217913-A1

I'm not surprised that researchers have gone on to establish the QSAR of MOR agonists thar are based on tianeptine, It was @fastandbulbous who accurately described the chemistry of such compounds as having a certain element of 'black magic'. [1229] onwards lists the EC50 of some of the compounds covered by the patent. Example 83 appears to be the most active.

[1230] onwards lists activity relative to the prototype (tianeptine) and several 'rules' are divined to estimate said activity.

While...

• 3DQSAR
• Replies: 4
• Forum: Neuroscience and Pharmacology Discussion

It's a good reference, trust me one that one point. But in retrospect, I think I oversimplified why the patent was the way it was.

 

[LucidSDreamr]

I think drugs in general are less popular with gen Z (especially hard, "scary" sounding drugs like heroin), so I imagine heroin use in particular will begin declining,

Do you think the decline in fentanyl / heroin in the US will result in higher quality fent or H being available in the US?

If the demand decreases, I would think traffickers and sellers would be more likely to distribute good strong dope to gain clients more and also to charge them more to offset the reduced number of addicts gen z has?

 

[Esperighanto]

If the demand decreases, I would think traffickers and sellers would be more likely to distribute good strong dope to gain clients more and also to charge them more to offset the reduced number of addicts gen z has?

A big part of why heroin accessibility in the US faded was the loss of major government-run connections like the French Connection, as well as the fact that our military pull-out from Afghanistan led to a decrease of opium poppy availability, and those are a necessary precursor for H.

 

[helpingout]

A big part of why heroin accessibility in the US faded was the loss of major government-run connections like the French Connection, as well as the fact that our military pull-out from Afghanistan led to a decrease of opium poppy availability, and those are a necessary precursor for H.

The US hasn’t had Afghanistan origin heroin since the French connection my guy.

Americas heroin was largely coming from Columbia and some of the supply from Mexico.

The Colombians were bringing higher quality heroin while the Mexicans were bringing black tar heroin

Fetanyl production In Mexico with Chinese precursors completely disrupted the whole street distribution scheme.

You can still get heroin. It’s just mail order only
Now facilitated by the internet.

A connoisseurs market nowadays.

No more street gang distribution. Fent is distributed on the street level now.

Call and meet might still be a thing but you likely have to have had the connection prior to fent or be part of a social circle that continued a demand for heroin.

180,000 addicts a year have been dying for like a straight five years. That’s alot of users just off the street and as others have said , gen z isn’t taking up the foil or the needle.

 

[helpingout]

Almost 900,000 users dead in about five years. In 2021 almost 1.1 million people claimed to use heroin once in the past year. Assuming that number
Got chipped at since then at a rate of 150k per year for four years. That’s 600k heroin users now
Dead

Market demand for heroin would likewise be halved. And with very few young people
Choosing to use heroin.

Heroin has become a niche market for people who are actively seeking it out online.

the street scene is just blues blues blues and blue
Lips blue fingers and dead junkies

 

[4DQSAR]

That's another positive thing about those dark-web sites. I suspect VERY few people would ever try an opioid out of curiosity - well, certainly not heroin, fentanyl or a nitazene. But I suppose most people who buy from those places are only buying to use. Yes, I know SOME buy to sell on, but the prices are pretty high - vendors know the street prices.

I've been told the life stories of many people who struggled with long-term addiction to opioids and in every case they were hanging around with people who were just a few months ahead in thier habits i.e. they weren't able to articulate just what a bad deal such drugs are in the long-term. So they would toot a tiny amount 'just to try', calculate that if 1 bag was enough for 4-6 hits, they COULD afford it. Of course, they soon found out that they not only needed more per dose but needed to dose several times a day.

I've yet to meet a time-served addict who would ever suggest that using such drugs was a good way to go.

Someone mentioned cocaine and right now Europe is seeing an explosion in cocaine consumption. When people can buy a £5 rock, a compound with a short duration of action is perfect as people willl go 'on a mission' to keep buying and using. I think the same is true for fentanyl (rather than derivatives).

I don't know what the cocaine market in Australis is like, but the big South American producers are making a play to make it the most profitable drug in the world.

If someone ever came up with a simple synthetic alternative to cocaine, I estimate they would not last very long. Anyone going against the cartels hasn't got a great life expectancy.

 

[helpingout]

That's another positive thing about those dark-web sites. I suspect VERY few people would ever try an opioid out of curiosity - well, certainly not heroin, fentanyl or a nitazene. But I suppose most people who buy from those places are only buying to use. Yes, I know SOME buy to sell on, but the prices are pretty high - vendors know the street prices.

I've been told the life stories of many people who struggled with long-term addiction to opioids and in every case they were hanging around with people who were just a few months ahead in thier habits i.e. they weren't able to articulate just what a bad deal such drugs are in the long-term. So they would toot a tiny amount 'just to try', calculate that if 1 bag was enough for 4-6 hits, they COULD afford it. Of course, they soon found out that they not only needed more per dose but needed to dose several times a day.

I've yet to meet a time-served addict who would ever suggest that using such drugs was a good way to go.

Someone mentioned cocaine and right now Europe is seeing an explosion in cocaine consumption. When people can buy a £5 rock, a compound with a short duration of action is perfect as people willl go 'on a mission' to keep buying and using. I think the same is true for fentanyl (rather than derivatives).

I don't know what the cocaine market in Australis is like, but the big South American producers are making a play to make it the most profitable drug in the world.

If someone ever came up with a simple synthetic alternative to cocaine, I estimate they would not last very long. Anyone going against the cartels hasn't got a great life expectancy.

Methylphenidate is apparently better than cocaine for a lot of people. Less harmful too. Unfortunately, the establishment sees harm reduction as a bit of a joke and proffering free use to people might as well be a base heads pipe dream.

 

[4DQSAR]

Methylphenidate is apparently better than cocaine for a lot of people. Less harmful too. Unfortunately, the establishment sees harm reduction as a bit of a joke and proffering free use to people might as well be a base heads pipe dream.

In some studies methylphenidate fully substituted for cocaine. In others it failed which may be an artifact of the design of the study. The two drugs do more ot less the same thing but since methylphenidate is a controlled drug, I doubt we will see it's use in larger studies much less it's intruduction as substitution therapy.

 

[helpingout]

In some studies methylphenidate fully substituted for cocaine. In others it failed which may be an artifact of the design of the study. The two drugs do more ot less the same thing but since methylphenidate is a controlled drug, I doubt we will see it's use in larger studies much less it's intruduction as substitution therapy.

How funny! The rehabilitation and drug treatment industries are “struggling” because theres no
MAT equivalent for crack / cocaine addicts. Methylphenidate is just sitting there trying to
Protect its reputation while people are hopelessly
Addicted to cocaine.

 

[4DQSAR]

How funny! The rehabilitation and drug treatment industries are “struggling” because theres no
MAT equivalent for crack / cocaine addicts. Methylphenidate is just sitting there trying to
Protect its reputation while people are hopelessly
Addicted to cocaine.

Well methylphenidate is an old medicine. There are modern formulations that are still patent protected but the actual drug is old. I think 1950s old. So would it tarnish the name? Amphetamines are abused and used medically.

I admit I don't know too much about methylphenidate.

 

[ChemicallyEnhanced]

I am not even sure what to say about the strength of the synthetic opiates. It seems the stronger they are the more un opiate like they are. I understand heroin. As I said in another post years ago when it was big in the Jazz scene people could indulge and still perform their art. Of course they had issues but heroin is not fentanyl. I can not imagine a musician using fentanyl and playing a show or something like a heroin addict can do. Fentanyl is a different beast.

But what I am seeing is once a fentanyl user it breaks the brain on every using the traditional opioids that are not as strong. Morphine and codeine included. The thought of strong heroin not touching a fentanyl addict withdrawal puts all of this in another category. I could almost come up with conspiracy theories but I think the reality is a super strong opioid was released to the street and made heroin useless.

Also boggles my head people would use fentanyl to break through buprenorphine. That is crazy to me. Sounds harsh.

Yeah, IDGAF how much stronger Fent is, I'd rather have Heroin 'cause...I find Fentanyl mostly just makes you numb rather than having actual euphoria like most opioids

 

[4DQSAR]

Yeah, IDGAF how much stronger Fent is, I'd rather have Heroin 'cause...I find Fentanyl mostly just makes you numb rather than having actual euphoria like most opioids

Am I correct in thinking fentanyl produces sedation? I am aware that balanced anasthesia (used when a patient is at risk from inhalational anasthetics) uses fentanyl derivatives alone to produce surgical anasthesia.

 

[ChemicallyEnhanced]

Am I correct in thinking fentanyl produces sedation? I am aware that balanced anasthesia (used when a patient is at risk from inhalational anasthetics) uses fentanyl derivatives alone to produce surgical anasthesia.

Yes. I've had minor surgeries on a Fentanyl/Midazolam mix a handful of times (surgeries that didn't require a general anaesthetic/unconsciousness) 'cause I hate local anaesthetics.

 

[4DQSAR]

Ah OK. On reflection, I THINK midazolam is part of balanced anasthesia but regardless, fentanyl was discovered in the 1960s and it's use was limited to anethnetists.

From what I read, it does appear that the doses of fentanyl used on the street result in pronounced sedation for a short period.

I think I would be too scared to essentially consume something that was treading the margins between anasthesia, coma and death.

 

[4DQSAR]

IF I was asked to make a guess on the next opioid to hit the market, it would be something much more akin to H but with the added benefit of being around the same potency as fentanyl - but at a higher price.

Such compounds are known to science and AFAIK the key precursors aren't controlled. Of course it would require someone to see a clear market for such a product. They aren't synthetically complex but someone would need to invest in optimizing the process.