Exactly – reagent tests are not indicators of purity or potency. Of course there are synthesis byproducts in virtually any drug, even pharma regulators use fault tolerances. W/the lack of oversight on the black market, a lower purity 'standard' and higher impurity tolerance is expected. And the gov. calls this 'drug control'.
But you're right – the correlating data is based on particular testing facilities' separate practice of identifying synthesis byproducts and reporting that data. Byproducts are an insight into the synthesis used by the chemists on a particular batch, and detectives use this data in their investigations.
Well… what's being lost is (mostly) not MDMA, but rather, impurities. A tiny amount of MDMA is lost to the sides of beakers & shit like that, but it's not much. A rinse might remove 5% gross weight, while recrystallizing might see a ~10-15% loss maybe… Looking over Shulgin's synthesis of MDMA in PIHKAL, it looks like he went from 47.13 g to 42.0 g after recrystallizing, so that's ~11% loss in gross weight, just remember the majority of that was never MDMA to begin with. It's removing
impurities, let's not forget. Is it worth it? Idk, probably? It's worth doing at least once to see for yourself I think if you have the means to do so …
6.232 g … j/k, it's not a set, standard thing. Probably 10 - 15% if you're starting with reasonably clean stuff. Also note: if the MDMA is deliberately cut with caffeine, meth, α-PVP, or any other amine-bearing compound, a/b extractions, acetone rinses, and recrystallisation won't remove these cuts.
Recrystallising is a different process. For that, the crystals are dissolved in a warm solvent that can dissolve it only while warm. As the solution cools off, crystals form along the bottom. For MDMA, anhydrous acetone is the key to it. If you want hard crystals, use methyl ethyl ketone (aka: butanone, MEK) and acetone in a two-solvent recrystallization. If you want aesthetically pleasing-but-delicate crystals, recrystallize from boiling IPA and acetone.
However, a rinse is simply placing the crystals in a filter and decanting ice-cold anhydrous acetone over the crushed up MDMA.HCl. This will have the effect of removing some, perhaps virtually all, off-white colours from the MDMA, rinsing away many impurities, though some may stay locked inside the crystals and only dissolving it into a solution will unlock it to be washed away… As for photos, believe it or not, you can find video of it on YouTube I believe, though it might be thinly veiled as something else…
Yeah I agree – what's in our stomach is of course going to make a big difference with just about anything we ingest orally.
That was the case at one point circa 2008/2009. There are various Safrole-containing plants (SCPs) all over the globe. Some of the species are native to Asia; Cambodia is a good example. But there's also
Sassafras albidum which grows all over North America and is native to, for instance,
the Blue Ridge Mountains, in the eastern US, that run through parts of Georgia, Tennessee, South Carolina, North Carolina, Virginia, West Virginia, Maryland, and Pennsylvania. The oil's major constituent is a compound called
Safrole (3,4-methylenedioxy-allylbenzene). This is isolated through
fractional vacuum distillation, and the chemistry is very straightforward at that point with at least a dozen very well known synthetic paths to MDMA, and dozens of lesser known routes as well. The allyl group is ultimately replaced by a nitrogen-bearing moiety known as an amine, and this is what makes it active in the human body and capable of crossing the BBB.
We know this is how ecstasy has traditionally been made by clandestine chemists. They started from sassafras oil, back before it was heavily watched like it is now, distilled it, isomerized it and converted it to a ketone intermediate,
MDP2P, which was purified again via vacuum distillation. Finally, reductive amination to MDMA and another round of purification, then gassing, rinsing, recrystallizing and voila! I won't go into any more details, but I think it's crucial to at least understand the outline of the process in order to clear up confusion regarding PMK. If you're reading this, please bear with me here.
In Cambodia in 2008, there was a global crackdown on Sassafras, particularly Sassafras oil, while Safrole is a List 1 precursor and heavily watched as well. This Cambodian Sassafras issue has been written about extensively bc it affected the local ecosphere there. But also, two things notable to our discussion subsequently occurred:
1. the emergence of PMK and PMK-glycidate, mostly from China, on the black market, and
2. new plant sources for Sassafras oil / Safrole began getting tapped.
The latter instance is no different in terms of process – it's just a different plant matter to extract or press the oil from instead of the root of sassafras (hooray for root beer!). But the former instance deserves some explanation I've found, or else it tends to lead to conspiracy theories among those who don't understand, have no interest in, or just plain disregard the chemistry. PMK is
Piperonyl Methyl Ketone and is aka:
MDP2P. Manufacturing MDMA from PMK is simply starting from a more developed precursor. The process goes: 1. Safrole/Isosafrole → 2. MDP2P (PMK) → 3. MDMA. There's nothing magical about Sassafras oil; Safrole itself can be synthesized efficiently enough; nature isn't necessary. With a drug like cocaine, where it's one of 16 possible isomers due to the four positional chiral centers, and the synthesis is a real low-yielding nightmare, it's no wonder plant production is the only economically feasible way. With MDMA, this is not the case; the molecule is much easier to synthesize and both of its two positional isomers are active and purportedly synergistic with one another.
Again, you're referring to Cambodia circa 2008. It's been written about:
https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2009/feb/25/ecstasy-cambodia And again: it's far from being the only source of Safrole, and this happened quite some time ago.
Wow, that's as imaginative as it is both bleak and—thankfully—untrue. There are a lot of different MDMA manufacturers/distributors out there. They don't all work as one. Plan a trip to come to the U.S. – flights are cheap right now, relatively speaking – and if you seek it, you will find real deal MDMA here, the same compound we took in the 90s. The more things change, the more they stay the same.