UHH did you NOT read what I wrote...
This review discusses only the crystalline stoichiometric hydrates in which the environment of the water molecules exhibits various defined patterns, and emphasizes pharmaceutical hydrates and their behavior. The presence of the water molecules influences the intermolecular interactions (affecting the internal energy and enthalpy) and the crystalline disorder (entropy), and hence influences the free energy, thermodynamic activity, solubility, dissolution rate, stability, and bioavailability....
In most cases, in comparison with anhydrous forms, hydrates are thermodynamically more stable under normal conditions. As a result, hydrates are less prone to dissolve in water and, consequently,
they usually exhibit lower bioavailability, which is an obvious disadvantage in terms of their therapeutic applications [15].
MAPS SPECIFICALLY USES FORM1, not form 2 and not form 3 and not a hydrate... Specifically form 1... Drug makers will take product off shelfs for YEARS due to polymorphs see ... Ritonavir was found to exhibit conformational polymorphism with two unique crystal lattices having significantly different solubility properties. Although the polymorph (form II) corresponding to the "cis" conformation is a more stable packing arrangement, nucleation, even in the presence of form II seeds, is energetically unfavored except in highly supersaturated solutions. The coincidence of a highly supersaturated solution and a probable heterogeneous nucleation by a degradation product resulted in the sudden appearance of the more stable form II polymorph.
Screening for different crystal properties of an active pharmaceutical ingredient is a crucial part in understanding and evaluating a drug.... MDMA IS NO DIFFERENT
How come people are putting dutch MDMA in water and having lackluster effects .If Once the compound is dissolved has no effect... Then why has a lot of dutch MDMA been meh. my only guess is there are greater positive and NEG forces within the molecule are at play, doesnt matter if it's water/molly water, doesnt matter if you take it "RAW"in crystals with toilet paper, gel caps etc..
How come my own that was my recrystallized MDMA in dH20 only... that 100% looked like meth and was see thru clear... also caused VERY lack luster effects... It's clear hydrates and the bonds and alike play a greater roll that WE as chemists don't know about.. and that the PREVIOUS form before recrystallization with MORE IMPURTIES WAS MUCH better then this HYDRATED MDMA after recrystallization...
in the 1930s it was realized that the formation of a hydrogen bond has a profound effect on the frequency of the X-H stretch. This started the infrared investigations of hydrogen bonds, which became the most sensitive and the most widely applied experimental method of studying this phenomenon in clusters and in the liquid and solid phases
When pairs of molecules become associated, the associated molecules are called dimers and the molecular process is called dimerization. Intermolecular hydrogen bonding promotes association and thus has a LARGE EFFECT on the physical properties of a substance. For example, lactic acid has two hydrogen bond donor sites (–OH) and three hydrogen bond acceptor sites (–OH, –OH, double bondO). Intermolecular hydrogen bonding of lactic acid in the vapor-phase causes it to form dimers and this dimerization greatly lowers its vapor-phase compressibility,
WHY THEN IF over 100 samples, only one sample was found to contain anhydrous MDMA·HCl. This seized sample had a peculiar appearance as a very fine and dusty powder. It is noteworthy that re-analysis of this particular sample a year after
seizure showed that the MDMA·HCl transformed into its hydrated state as described for model substances in section
3.5. The RARENESS of anhydrous MDMA·HCl is also depicted in
Fig. 8, where an overlay of randomly selected casework samples (2019 – 2020, The Netherlands) showed that all crystalline samples (
Fig. 8, B) and all tablets (
Fig. 8, C) show the spectral features diagnostic for hydrated MDMA·HCl in their NIR spectrum.
WE ALSO KNOW that Intermolecular hydrogen bonding between drug molecules and biological receptors can be an important interaction for driving potent binding or selectivity. However, introduction of hydrogen bonding motifs into drug molecules can potentially have a deleterious effect on membrane penetration, presumably due to a high water de-solvation penalty. This can have an impact on absorption, cell penetration and brain penetration. and that bands that originate from crystal water are more defined than those originating from bulk water. The reason for this phenomenon is the more restricted energetic distribution of the O -H vibrations of the water that is bound in the crystal lattice [19].
If HYDRATES OR form 2 or form 3 didnt matter then why is MAPS ONLY USING FORM1, NOT HYDRATES, NOT FORM 3 or FORM 2... Only form 1 WHY?
Because obviously they know something we dont. IF IT was a matter of Those groups simply split off and then you're left with the active compound.. then why is MAPS only using FORM1 and not hydrates... oh wait lets read this 1 MORE TIME... WE ALSO KNOW that Intermolecular hydrogen bonding between drug molecules and biological receptors can be an important interaction for driving potent binding or selectivity. However, introduction of hydrogen bonding motifs into drug molecules can potentially have a deleterious effect on membrane penetration, presumably due to a high water de-solvation penalty. This can have an impact on absorption, cell penetration and brain penetration.
WHY in 100 lab samples only 1 had anhydrous MDMA... in the NL... If and this is a HUGE IF MAPS was ok with HYDRATES why dont they use it? HYDRATES are more shelf stable... oh right HYDRATES are less bioavailable for 1... OH and what this
People need to view it as POSTIVE and NEG ions FIGTHING against each other this Not as H20 water molecule.. it gets lobbed off.. WHY? This can have an impact on absorption, cell penetration and brain penetration. and that bands that originate from crystal water are more defined than those originating from bulk water. The reason for this phenomenon is the more restricted energetic distribution of the O -H vibrations of the water that is bound in the crystal lattice... THESE HYDRATES and other polymorphic forms can be energetically unfavored except in highly supersaturated solutions...
We also have discussed polymorphs... at least at 1 point but hasnt been brought up much... YOU might not think it plays a role... But it clearly does...
Hydrogen-bonds play a crucial role in determining the specificity of ligand binding. Their important contribution is explicitly incorporated into a computational method, called GRID, which has been designed to detect energetically favourable ligand binding sites on a chosen target molecule of known structure. An empirical energy function consisting of a Lennard-Jones, an electrostatic and a hydrogen-bonding term is employed. The latter term is found to be necessary because spherically symmetric atom-centred forces alone may not adequately reproduce the geometry of two interacting molecules. The hydrogen-bonding term is dependent on the length and orientation of the hydrogen-bond. Its functional form also varies according to the chemical nature of both the hydrogen-bond donor and acceptor atoms, and has been modelled to fit experimental observations of crystal structures. The mobility of the hydrogen-bonding hydrogens is considered analytically in calculating the hydrogen-bond energy. The hydrogen-bonding energy functions will be described and their application will be demonstrated on molecules of pharmacological interest where hydrogen-bonds influence the binding of ligands.
This function is used to determine the sites where ligands, such as drugs, may bind to a chosen target molecule which may be a protein, a nucleic acid, a polysaccharide, or a small organic molecule.The energy function is composed of a Lennard-Jones, an electrostatic and a hydrogen-bonding term. The latter is dependent on the length and orientation of the hydrogen bond and also on the chemical nature of the hydrogen-bonding atoms. These terms have been formulated by fitting to experimental observations of hydrogen bonds in crystal structures. In the calculations, thermal motion of the hydrogen-bonding hydrogen atoms and lone-pair electrons may be taken into account. For example, in a alcoholic hydroxyl group, the hydrogen may rotate around the C-O bond at the observed tetrahedral angle. In a histidine residue, a hydrogen atom may be bonded to either of the two imidazole nitrogens and movement of this hydrogen will cause a redistribution of charge which is dependent on the nature of the probe group and the surrounding environment. The shape of some of the energy functions is demonstrated on molecules of pharmacological interest.
SO read this VERY close and 1 last time People need to view it as POSTIVE and NEG ions FIGTHING against each other this Not as H20 water molecule.