Anything you eat or drink is a mind-altering teacher to some extent. Even foods and drinks not viewed as drugs fuel your daily lessons, therefor teaching. This is a cross-point of meditative practice and psychedelic shamanism. Even the most abstaining monks are going to consume some amount of food and drink some amount of water. Without these, anyone will crumble. While monks may aviod taking 'Mind alterants' such as psychedelics, their 'sober' minds are being changed and fueled due to their consumption. Psychedlic shamans practice similarly to meditative monks, though the psychedelic shaman explores the alteration of plant allies more thoroughly.
This being said, some stereotypical psychedlic teachers i would suggest are....
psilocybe mushrooms
salvia divinorum
mescaline cacti (i haven't had a chance to try peyote, but pachanoi and peruvianus are great teachers)
cannabis
morning glories
LSD is nice as well
Recieving the lessons is all about the respect the put into the experience.
If you are beligerent and taking advantage of a psychedlics in an effort to 'get fucked up', don't be surprised if you succeed. Psychedlics change your mind, permanently (though so does living an average non-drug day). It doesn't seem like a very good idea to be to be using something which permanently changes your mind in an effort to 'get fucked up', because no one wants to be permanently fucked up.
However if you ready yourself appropriately, and approach the psychedelic experience openmindedly and respectfully they will not lead you astray. Nature is an infinitely powerful, peaceful force welcoming all of good intent. Existence/Evolution/Progress/Happening Wants us to Learn. Happening is the way of things, for things will always happen, progress-inevitable.
While progress is inevitable, the problem is that with all these egos running all these folks's agendas we're not aligned efficiently. Like how birds arrange into Vs as to carry the wind current backwards from the bottom of the V. Without this formation the group is less efficient. This is why psychedelics are efficient teachers, they get you seeing from a lesserly-ego-dominated perspective. This egolessness (for lack of a better term, i think the ego is always functioning, we just change OUR view) can bring us all together. Psychedelics bring out the similarities in groups, remind people that we're all the same, and there is no hierarchy. Through this reunification we can be realigned into a more efficient formation as a whole. And learn to help eachothers wind currents like the birds flying in Vs.
The ego learns.
Through learning to live in the moment (be here now!) we can more easily see just how much information we're learning all the time. Like i was saying above, everything is a teacher, water, fruits, even time. By dwelling in the ego-agenda world we just filter out much of this insight. If you want to learn keep your ego in check. It doesn't need to be destroyed permanently or anything, one should simply be aware that the ego lies in front of you. If you grasp this, life will be a lesson, and pscyhedelics will be even more powerful.
Sorry for the lengthiness dudes.......
Stay safe,
Learn much,
Have fun.