uncouplingreversed
Bluelighter
- Joined
- Mar 18, 2018
- Messages
- 61
Ok, this is not cool, maybe. Hopefully it’s super minor, but I’d need someone more educated to fully grasp the implications of this article.
Anyone out there to provide some clarity on this, rest us assured?
From a biochemist point of view of the study let's do a breakdown.
Lysergic acid diethylamide causes photoreceptor cell damage through inducing inflammatory response and oxidative stress
This basically says it can damage cells in our eyes that process vision and does so by increasing inflammation and increasing certain types of free radicals. Both effects can be counteracted by taking anti-inflammatories and antioxidants.
Abstract
Lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD), a classical hallucinogen, was used as a popular and notorious substance of abuse in various parts of the world. Its abuse could result in long-lasting abnormalities in retina and little is known about the exact mechanism. This study was to investigate the effect of LSD on macrophage activation state at non-toxic concentration and its resultant toxicity to photoreceptor cells.
This study looked specifically at to determine how LSD taken in non-toxic doses can damage vision.
Results showed that cytotoxicity was caused by LSD on 661 W cells after co-culturing with RAW264.7 cells. Treatment with LSD-induced RAW264.7 cells to the M1 phenotype, releasing more pro-inflammatory cytokines, and increasing the M1-related gene expression.
This confirmed LSD directly damages and kills ocular cells and does so in part by increasing the release and genetic production of inflammation proteins called cytokines. In most autoimmune and inflammation disorders cytokines are very high but they can be lowered via drugs or certain phytochemicals in some plants.
Moreover, after co-culturing with RAW264.7 cells, significant oxidative stress in 661 W cells treated with LSD was observed, by increasing the level of malondialdehyde (MDA) and reactive oxygen species (ROS), and decreasing the level of glutathione (GSH) and the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD). Our study demonstrated that LSD caused photoreceptor cell damage by inducing inflammatory response and resultant oxidative stress, providing the scientific rationale for the toxicity of LSD to retina.
This study also confirmed it's cell toxic effects were due to it increasing levels of free radicals and lowering antioxidants including glutathione and SOD 2 of the most important ones in the body that serve to detoxify poisons. Both can be supplementated or given by iv at some antiaging clinics.
This is an important study that illustrates the reason risk of taking LSD in higher than typical levels or when abusing it. It may also serve as caution for those taking it to consume antidotes just prior to LSD to reduce the risk or entirely prevent any damage. Also for those who have abused it it may be prudents to take to aid in restoring levels closer to normal.
Here's the full article for those interested.