What is levamisole?
Levamisole is an anthelmintic medication currently only licensed in the United States and Canada for use in veterinary medicine, due to reports of adverse events including agranulocytosis (severely decreased white blood cell count), facial retiform purpura and serological abnormalities in humans.
Levamisole was used in humans in the 1960s as a prescribed appetite suppressant [1,2]. It was also used as an immune-modulating agent for treatment of lichen planus, paediatric nephrotic syndrome and rheumatoid arthritis after its approval by the US Food and Drug Administration in 1991.
-----------------------------------------------------------
Cocaine is sold in multiple kilogram bricks to wholesale distributors, who sell the product to upper-level distributors. Upper-level distributors control the smuggling and financing of cocaine.
Levamisole is an anthelmintic medication currently only licensed in the United States and Canada for use in veterinary medicine, due to reports of adverse events including agranulocytosis (severely decreased white blood cell count), facial retiform purpura and serological abnormalities in humans.
Levamisole was used in humans in the 1960s as a prescribed appetite suppressant [1,2]. It was also used as an immune-modulating agent for treatment of lichen planus, paediatric nephrotic syndrome and rheumatoid arthritis after its approval by the US Food and Drug Administration in 1991.
-----------------------------------------------------------
Cocaine Distribution
Illegal drug distribution begins in South America, specifically Colombia, Peru, Bolivia, and Chile. Colombian traffickers likely transport cocaine into Mexico, which is then smuggled into the United States.Cocaine is sold in multiple kilogram bricks to wholesale distributors, who sell the product to upper-level distributors. Upper-level distributors control the smuggling and financing of cocaine.
Cutting Agents & Purity
Before cocaine is sold to smaller dealers, the following adulterants may be added:- levamisole
- tetramisole
- phenacetin
- lidocaine
- caffeine
- diltiazem
- hydroxyzine
- benzocaine
Last edited: