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Kratom induced liver injury?

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samsavenger

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so basically I'm currently recovering from a bout of hepatic cholestasis (liver injury) brought about by a few recreational doses of powdered kratom. It fucking blows.

Just to give some background - test results in the past have suggested that I have a somewhat sensitive liver. My bloodwork showed elevated liver enzymes for a period of about 3 weeks approx 18 months ago during a period of stress induced migraines and subsequent over-use of APAP, though the cause is not completely clear. This was resolved after total cessation of APAP and alcohol, and my blood work returned to normal after a short time. The past 18 months have been fine and my bloodwork has been normal. I'm 26, totally healthy, I don't have a drug habit, I don't smoke and I don't drink excessively or regularly.

I first used fresh Kratom in Thailand with no adverse effects. A local friend of mine bought a bag of fresh leaves from a truck driver and gave me a couple. It was very mild and not particularly noticeable. A couple of weeks later, a guy I met in a rural area offered me some pungent red liquid he’d brewed with homegrown kratom. I really felt the effect this time, but again, no adverse effects.

When I got back home to the Netherlands, I found a reputable online vendor and promptly ordered a small amount of finely powdered “thai”, “bali” and “borneo white” strains. The smell was slightly familiar, but quite different to the fresh kratom I’d had overseas. I first tried 3 grams of the thai just to get a feel for the dose. was comparable to the second time I had it in Thailand. A couple of days later I tried another few of grams with much the same effect. It was mostly unremarkable, but pleasant. I figured I’d experiment more when I had the time and put the rest aside for a rainy day.

3 weeks later, my girlfriend and I cooked up a batch of “bali” strain in a pot with boiling water (about 10 grams each, or whatever 3.5 teaspoons is). The taste was awful, the texture worse... but to my pleasant surprise, it was highly enjoyable. We spent the night sitting around listening to records in a state of euphoric sedation. It was still quite mild in comparison to heavy opiates, we were still 100% lucid and coherent. A glass of wine and a joint amplified things a great deal though. Very interesting body feeling, incredible warmth and fantastic dream-like ‘nods’ reminiscent of a moderate dose of opiates. Closing my eyes for a moment would take me into incredibly vivid dreams about my childhood home, platters of spinning colours or rolling green fields with familiar faces laughing and flying kites... This was great. awesome, cheap, relatively non-addictive organic opiate-like herb. right up my alley. I thought I’d hit the jackpot.

A few nights later, I repeated it exactly. The effects were the same. Just wonderful stuff I thought. The next week I had a little more. There was definitely no craving or sense of longing for the feeling, but it was certainly an enjoyable thing to relax after a big day. Over the course of about 2 weeks, I took kratom about 5 times - around 10 grams each time, never dosing more than once in a 48 hour period. Throughout this period I was using no medication, no drugs aside from weed and barely drinking alcohol.

After a usual enjoyable night with kratom and a glass of wine, I awoke the next morning feeling incredibly nauseated. I figured I was getting sick and carried on with my day. Eventually I was overcome with overwhelming nausea and went home. I couldn’t eat and I couldn’t shit. I tried eating a banana and puked almost instantly.

I dragged myself to the doctor the next day, dehydrated and in poor shape. They took a blood test and found that my liver enzymes were through the roof. I was sent home with strict orders to go to hospital if symptoms worsen.

A couple of days later I became incredibly jaundiced and could do nothing but lie in bed shaking and sweating. The itching was fucking unbearable. My shit was like sharp grey rocks. My piss was brown, cloudy and burned like a motherfucker. My kidneys were radiating pain throughout my body and I had barely eaten a thing in 3 days. I was admitted to hospital that night. After extensive blood tests and several ultrasounds, I tested negative for all common liver diseases and showed no signs of gallstones, bile duct obstruction or anything else likely to cause such a reaction. My liver enzymes were literally off the charts.

Doctors in the Netherlands tend to take a fairly neutral and objective approach to drug use, so I was open and straightforward with the specialist about using kratom, which is quasi-legal here like most other things. He'd come across it before and was convinced that it was probably benign, just as I was. All the doctors were very baffled. In the absense of all known liver diseases, alcoholism, NSAID use and with gradually subsiding symptoms after cessation of kratom use - over the course of the week the doctors painstakingly and reluctantly isolated kratom as being the cause of my condition. Samples of the powdered kratom showed no obvious contaminants, but there is still a chance that I had taken a batch that had been contaminated with something that wasn't detected, probably not though. I hadn't known this before, but near-identical occurrences have been fairly well documented in medical literature with regards to hepatic toxicity of kratom. This study in particular bears remarkable similarity to what happened to me - http://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s13181-011-0155-5.pdf

I was discharged from hospital with a diagnosis of a drug-induced hepatic injury causing severe biliary cholestasis. There’s a strong chance that my liver would have failed (i.e. death) had I taken any more. A month later my jaundice has gone and I’m able to eat. I’m still feeling fatigued, weak, still experiencing abdominal pains and my liver enzymes are still abnormally high. I've lost 10 kilos and I feel like shit.. It's been very painful and it's probably going to take me a while to recover completely.

I regret being stupid enough to have thought that recreational use of kratom was safe, I advise anyone considering using it to take extreme caution as it seems that severe hepatic toxicity can occur in minimal recreational use with normal dosage. This crap has done totally disproportionate damage to my body considering the amount I used, not fun at all. If you don't want to take my word for it, take a look at the multiple published medical articles and erowid trip reports which show heavy correlations between liver injury and recreational kratom use. my advice is stay the hell away.
 
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It's possible that your body can't properly process kratom, or its metabolites. Since kratom is processed by CYP2D6, I would look at the list of "substrates" on this page to see if there are any other drugs in this category that you've had problems with in the past. If there is a correlation, then you should suspect that your genetic CYP2D6 group is either damaged or has slow metabolizer status and therefore you only need ultra low doses of a substance to have it work.

There is also the fact that alcohol seems to potentiate kratom for many people, and in someone who is already sensitive, that could be overwhelming.

I'm going to move this to Reports because you're not really asking for advice, but are posting an experience with a drug. Take care!
 
that's an interesting theory and there's definitely a chance I fall into the 10% of the caucasian population which has poor CYP2D6 metabolic activity. I've taken a number of the listed substrates therapeutically in the past with absolutely no adverse hepatic effects (propranolol, codeine, paroxetine, fluoroxetine, promethazine, amphetamine, tramadol, hydrocodone, oxycodone, etc).

I haven't been able to find any studies which indicate that poor CYP2D6 activity can lead to cholestasis (or any other type of liver injury) when standard doses of substrates are administered. I am interested if this is a possibility though. maybe someone can point me in the right direction.

Also, there are a huge number of active alkaloids in kratom... sure mitragynine might be the primary psychoactive alkaloid and it's metabolised by CYP2D6, but who knows about the countless other alkaloids of which little is known.
 
I'm curious what it was that made the doctors isolate the kratom as THE problem. Is it perhaps because it's the only factor they don't fully understand? I'm not calling you a liar by any means, but I have trouble believing a few doses of kratom alone did this to you. Something else must be at play here, otherwise we'd hear about this kind of thing more often. I'm very open to hearing the details though, as I use kratom pretty liberally.

I'm very sorry this happened to you, I hope you get better!!
 
the reasons the internist gave for his diagnosis were:

- the amount of detectable mitragynine in my urine correlated closely to my blood bilrubin, ALT, AST and GGT concentrations.

- there have been several peer reviewed studies which have also isolated kratom as a known cause of hepatic injury

- there is a total absence of other factors such as viral liver disease, alcoholism, drug abuse, malnutrition, etc... which is almost unheard of considering my condition, especially taking into account that I'm an otherwise completely healthy 26 year old guy.

there's a bunch of stuff on erowid about this too, as well as various other people on bluelight reporting similar shit.
http://www.erowid.org/experiences/exp.php?ID=88678
http://www.erowid.org/experiences/exp.php?ID=51161
http://www.erowid.org/experiences/exp.php?ID=96857
http://www.erowid.org/experiences/exp.php?ID=45265
http://www.erowid.org/experiences/exp.php?ID=93736

so yeah... it was the kratom, beyond all reasonable doubt.

just be really fucking careful with this stuff.. it would suck for someone to go through the same thing as me. I can't picture why it would be worth the risk... except maybe if you were avoiding life threatening opiate withdrawls or something... but to each their own I guess...
 
not the first time i've read something like this... maybe i should just throw the rest out and stick with oxy
stay safe OP
 
Yeah kratom is actually very hard on the body the fact that it can turn your cheeks black always kept me away from it.


Also combining alcohol with aspirin is is bad, mkay? In fact alcohol is bad just stick to the nederwiet and your gf.
 
^are you being sarcastic?

maybe it was perhaps the NSAIDs which caused liver damage or high liver enzymes??????

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2997980/

i mean ffs you have alcohol, over use of NSAIDS and kratom and you look at a FEW doses of kratom as the cause when they other 2 are KNOWN to cause liver issues?

Please list as many peer reviewed journals as you can on the hepatoxicity of kratom. Anecdotal evidence does not count and there is a very reasonable doubt that it was caused by kratom.

from the study you posted in particular:

study said:
Kratom (Mitragyna speciosa) is a common
medical plant in Thailand and is known to contain
mitragynine as the main alkaloid. According to an increase
in published reports and calls at German poison control
centers, it has been used more frequently as a drug of abuse
in the western hemisphere during the last couple of years.
Despite this increase, reports of severe toxicity are rare
within the literature.

maybe you are special but this ONE case has more evidence than yours as this kid wasn't over using NSAIDS which WILL fuck your liver enzymes.
 
I think this is just a thing that happens in some people. I have taken Kratom hundreds if not thousands of times and never had any issues. I get blood tests done regularly as well all my numbers are normal. Not saying this isn't possible, but some people will be fine while a few will have the liver issues. I would say if you have any history of liver issues( as you did with the NSAID use and stuff) then don't use Kratom at all.
 
^are you being sarcastic?

maybe it was perhaps the NSAIDs which caused liver damage or high liver enzymes??????

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2997980/

i mean ffs you have alcohol, over use of NSAIDS and kratom and you look at a FEW doses of kratom as the cause when they other 2 are KNOWN to cause liver issues?

Please list as many peer reviewed journals as you can on the hepatoxicity of kratom. Anecdotal evidence does not count and there is a very reasonable doubt that it was caused by kratom.

from the study you posted in particular:



maybe you are special but this ONE case has more evidence than yours as this kid wasn't over using NSAIDS which WILL fuck your liver enzymes.

my overuse of NSAID's ceased 18 months ago. "overuse" for me consisted of a prolonged period (3 weeks) of taking between 2000-3000mg of paracetemol per day, which according to most medical literature should not cause any kind of hepatic damage apart from rare occurances of elevated liver enzymes. the nature of hepatic cells is to repair themselves over time. given that 3 months ago my liver function was completely normal, this occurance cannot be attributed to NSAID use.

again, I do not drink heavily, have not drank heavily in the past, and do not drink regularly. the alcohol used in combination with kratom was never more than ONE standard drink. This may have been a contributing factor however. there is absolutely no way that my (extremely minimal) use of alcohol could alone explain elevated liver enzymes, let alone severe biliary cholestasis.

given that there is extensive documentation of this exact thing happening both in user reports and peer reviewed medical studies, and that it was really the only factor, I tend to agree with my physicians that it was almost definitely the kratom.

There obviously isn't any evidence that this happens, can happen or will happen to everyone... however due to the lack of research on this particular plant there's really no information available regarding how users can be sure that this will not happen to them. The only conclusion I can drawn from this personally is that kratom use is a kind of russian roulette with regards to liver health, and for that reason alone I don't feel that it's fit for human consmumption. If you've been using it personally for several years with no negative effects, maybe it's fine for you.. just be extremely conscientious when recommending it to others, as there's obviously an incalculable chance that this will happen.
 
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also, bingeboy you're totally right about kratom abuse turning your cheeks black.

http://scholar.google.nl/scholar?q=kratom+hyperpigmentation+&btnG=&hl=en&as_sdt=0,5

it doesn't take a rocket scientist to draw a parallel between consistent long-term elevated blood bilrubin levels (i.e. jaundice) and hyperpigmentation. this is a well documented occurance - Bilirubin has a tendency to stain the skin and could explain the cause of hyperpigmentation in the various kratom studies where liver enzymes were not examined.
 
ad hominem, causation does not equal correlation.

Anyway, sorry this happened to you, but i don't think its kratom's fault or anyone's fault really, there must be something that is much different about you than the general population, because this is not an issue that is found in peer reviewed studies all over the place (if so you would have posted them by now). It is an extremely rare side effect, extremely. Not even 1% of kratom users experience this, which means it's pretty fucking safe to recommend to others. It's just that rare.

it's just not definitive evidence it was kratom, you need to be studied by scientists to make a stronger case over a long period of time. If kratom consistently does this to you and we can control all other variables then that's a step in the right direction. if we can then reproduce this study 100x then we are close to conclusive evidence that kratom is hepatoxic in some individuals or what that percentage of users are prone to it. Anecdotally even, this isn't popping up frequently enough to concern anyone. There are far more common drugs that are worse for the liver, like acetaminophen that despite liver damage, people use any way. And plenty of Drs have told me to take that, despite the liver issues.
 
^ do you have a source to support your claim that less than 1% of kratom users experience this?

speaking of ad hominem, the existence of peer-reviewed studies detailing the toxicology of has nothing to do with whether I've posted them or not. since you're acquainted with academic journals, you're also aware that usually a paid subscription is required for most people to view them outside of the university/research facility networks and it's really not useful to post them on a public internet forum. but anyway... see for yourself:
http://jat.oxfordjournals.org/content/35/4/242.short
http://europepmc.org/abstract/ETH/487945/reload=0;jsessionid=jRkzQOF2XAG2cbCDgWbw.8
http://link.springer.com/article/10.2165/00128415-201113520-00107
http://jat.oxfordjournals.org/content/35/1/54.short
http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0149763412002023
http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0378874110004757
http://whatiskratom.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/02/ThaiKratomReport.pdf
http://journals.lww.com/em-news/Cit...lous_Investigation__Wins_the_Day_when.11.aspx
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1041694

despite all this, there's a consensus that kratom is not sufficiently well researched enough to make any conclusive claims about its safety. they haven't even isolated all the active alkaloids, even the mechanism of mitragynine is poorly understood... the few studies which have been done seem to indicate that there is a significant correlation with health issues, and there seem to be a number of alarming reports which are uncannily similar to mine.

there's plenty of other reports on bluelight alone which suggest that this is a relatively common issue. who knows how many more experience the same thing and don't discuss it online.

http://www.bluelight.ru/vb/threads/475637-Kratom-and-liver-damage
http://www.bluelight.ru/vb/threads/662349-liver-issues-after-very-little-use-of-kratom
http://www.bluelight.ru/vb/threads/361027-Kratom-Health-Issues
http://www.bluelight.ru/vb/archive/index.php/t-159613.html
http://www.bluelight.ru/vb/threads/670664-The-Kratom-Mega-Thread-v3
http://www.bluelight.ru/vb/archive/index.php/t-475637.html

I don't think anyone is claiming that kratom will do this to everyone. obviously there are people who use kratom and don't experience anything like this... however if this happens to some, it's an obvious indication that it will happen to others... it's also not understood why this happens and there is no data available on how often it happens. I'm simply pointing out that this plant has potentially toxic effects which I've experienced personally, which is also recognised by the medical community and an unknown number of other misfortunate recreational users.
 
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yeah i'm not arguing that. more research needs to be done for sure. I believe what you are saying but feel it needs to be scrutinized more to be sure. I'm not saying you shouldn't post what happened to you, as it's important for research and harm reduction in general.

did u read those studies? most of them are looking at combinations of other drugs with kratom or kratom extract or kratom extract on a rat. And they look at chronic use, not just a few doses. Shit most of the studies say kratom is benign. I couldn't see the last one though. It's important to post these peer reviewed studies as many people here interested in the pharmacology and dangers of drugs do have access to these journals through universities or libraries.

still i don't think you picked the best list of studies to prove your argument, if anything those studies go against your claims.

the few studies which have been done seem to indicate that there is a significant correlation with health issues

which ones were those? i didn't see anything like that from the studies you posted.

The problem with user reports is that there are too many variables, so it's hard to make a link, maybe you can find correlation but by no means can you find causation, at least not yet.

i think the last studied you posted is the one where they found indigenous kratom users, who used it chronically as well, had sunken in eyes and jaundice like effects but they may have some particular genetic issue with kratom or something, and it's from 1975.

and no i don't have a source for the 1%, i purely pulled that out of my ass.
 
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my overuse of NSAID's ceased 18 months ago. "overuse" for me consisted of a prolonged period (3 weeks) of taking between 2000-3000mg of paracetemol per day

paracetamol or apap is not an nsaid, then again nsaid's hurt the lining of your intestines not the liver. Paracetamol does especially at the dosages you took, despite what they tell you on the insert, cause damage to the liver. The general idea I have about paracetamol is that it's pretty benign at lower dosages and non daily use. With regular use at the higher end of recommended dosages damage to the liver will occur.

I am a daily kratom user for many years that had his liver enzymes checked recently, and they all came out fine. Luckily as I was aware of the possibilty of liver injury from Kratom. Good luck on your recovery!
 
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I'm sorry robotripping but it seems to me you are taking what what happened to the op as an attack on yourself or your lifestyle.
Why is it so inconceivable that kratom is a stressant for the liver ? Just like alcohol or kava this does not automatically make using it stupid or reckless. It's paramount that users be aware of any risks however in my opinion and I don't see how closing your eyes and ears to evidence is helping

I Mean:
but they may have some particular genetic issue with kratom or something, and it's from 1975.
or something?
 
no not at all, i like kratom but i don't take it any more. I'm just arguing for rigorous scientific evidence before we jump to conclusions.

i'm not closing my eyes and ears to evidence, show me some studies! the ones posted were not relevant! AT ALL! except one that was outdated and not conclusive. I am open to any and all evidence, just give me something that is nearly conclusive or a study that has been reproduced with a large sample size.

and by or something, i mean they fucked up the study and didn't control all variables or consider certain things. Just because it's a peer reviewed study doesn't mean it's not open to criticism either. It has not been reproduced and has not been tested on different populations. Scientific evidence must be rigorous and be replicated by other scientists. More studies showing the exact same thing, more evidence, larger sample size, more evidence. You can never completely prove something with science, it just takes one exception to break an entire rule. Since science is empirical, that becomes an issue.

so let's take a step back and think, how likely is this? could it have actually been something else? and let's take some time to answer those questions and not immediately jump to anything. Go read through the studies posted, most of them show how great and special kratom is.

i accept your apology.
 
OP...didn't you start off the post by saying that you had been found in the past by medical doctors to have a somewhat sensitive liver?

I have no doubt if that it the case that a combination of kratom, alcohol, and acetominophen (paracetemol) whether large doses or small could very well have a negative impact on your liver.

So, I guess the moral of this story is, if you know you have problems with your liver or a "sensitive liver", do not use kratom, particularly in combination with other substances that can harm your liver. If this doesn't apply, one still should be aware of the possibility of liver damage and know the signs and symptoms to watch for.
 
please read the thread.

regarding my paracetemol use:
- it was almost 2 years ago
- my only symptoms then were slightly elevated liver enzymes
- the cause of my elevated liver enzymes was attributed by a physician in Australia to a hepatic sensitivity to paracetemol, which seems fair despite no acute overdose and staying under the limit of 4 grams per day
- liver enzymes returned to normal within a month of the initial test, indicating there was no permanent hepatic damage
- my last blood test before kratom use was 3 months ago and showed that I was completely healthy and my liver function was normal

yes, I may have a sensitive liver... but how on earth does a potential kratom user determine whether they too have the same sensitivities, if this is even the issue?

regarding alcohol: Obviously alcohol is a well known cytotoxic drug. It's also incredibly common, and I'm sure you'll agree that people who are using kratom recreationally are very, very likely to have a beer or a glass of wine every now and then. If kratom combined with one standard drink can cause biliary cholestasis, people need to know this.. I've personally never heard of someone experiencing biliary cholestasis after having a single drink with no other factors though, and I do know my own body - I generally tolerate alcohol well and have never suffered any abnormal health consequences from drinking. in this case, having a drink probably didn't help and may have exacerbated things, but it's certainly not the source of the issue.

the purpose of my post is not to attack kratom... it's just a plant. I don't hate it and I'm not campaigning against it. it's not my intention to get peoples panties in a knot, I couldn't care less if you have a deep emotional connection to this stuff and if you feel that you can personally use if safely, great for you. again, I'm simply telling my story which could potentially save some people from suffering grave health consequences in the future, and pointing out that the exact same thing has happened to others before.

the fact of the matter is that there is inconclusive safety data for kratom... and it fucked my liver. there is a lack of rigorous scientific evidence available because it's uncommon and western medicine doesn't really give a shit about it. what we can derive from common sense and user reports, along with the small amount of scientific material available, is that it has been known to be toxic to the liver. it really sucks to find this out first hand, and had I known before I probably would've been far more careful. seems to me like people should probably be aware of this before they start fucking with it.
 
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