"Enlightenment" is really very complex. There's too much going on to fit on a list.
The overall changes brought about through enlightenment may be widespread and complex. I think the key initial realization is really very straightforward and simple. Its uncanny allusiveness comes from it being a grand illusion, or rather a delusion. But like any illusion, once we see through it we can't not see it. Once you see it its impossible not to see it. Once you see how the brain works, you become less and less its slave. Its like reaching up and begining cutting the puppet strings and starting the journey to finally walking away free. There is also a good possibility that once the illusion is exposed that a irreversible process begins and hopefully ends with a strong form of enlightenment.
I we were to consider addiction as a reverse enlightenment.. or an encumberment.. then we have a decent example of one key component making very complex outcomes.
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We have to be careful to avoid reductionism, particularly such based in assumption. The brain is not as modular as prior research suggested, and while the removal or damage of some neural regions can induce loss of consciousness, willfully directed behavior, etc., such phenomena fail to establish some module that acts as the 'seat' of consciousness. I am partial to the hypothesis that consciousness is emergent due to certain informational properties of the brain functioning as a systemic whole.
ebola
I think reductionism is exactly what we need to get a big picture of how human brain works. Even though some of our best insights have come from studying resultant change when areas are damaged it certainly has grave limitations and likely has lead to same false conclusions. If we had little idea how a modern jet fighter worked at all and began damaging parts and recording the consequences of these damages and then tried to determine individual functions of areas we may do alright after some trial and error. But I'm not sure how accurate we would be at determining a big picture. Thats not a very good example but I hope it at least gets the point across that I feal, even though we may be close to great strides in this field, I think we have a ways to go.
My theory I belive is backed up by studies of brain damage and post 15 and then the peer edited version in post 23 in this thread.. also the idea of the divided self is explored in the chapter linked in the first post. The Brain and Addiction
I also feal that the idea fits so nicely in place with evolution, nicely explains emotions newest function, and presents a great explanation of addiction and a legitimate hypothesis around enlightenment. I also belive that addicts could be able to see and accept the illusion much easier than non addicts because they have a greater degree of intimate experience surrounding it. This experience includes greatly increased instance of disharmony and struggle between the two minds. This is kinda like seeing little cracks in the mirrors if an ilusion. So we could wonder if drug addiction could turn out to be a catalyst to enlightenment?
I hope that this amazing work will provide some much sought after answers and the hard science to back them up
NIH Puts $4.5 Billion Price Tag on Project to Map Human Brain