In this post, I want to discuss what Ive learned about milligram scales, their technology and how to use them in respect to their limitations. After reading through this thread, I think I have something to add to this discussion that people will find helpful.
From what Ive read about digital scales, linearity is a quality that one really wants to consider when buying a scale as well as what sort of load cell technology the scale has. The load cell has a lot to do with the price and performance/engineering of a scale. The linearity tells you how accurately the scale will measure the wieght of a mass each time you put it on the scale- margin of error of each measurement. Notice that I am using the terms accuracy and performance to mean different things. Accuracy means how well it works and performance means how it can be expected to function.
Reality check: Alot of people get upset with the scale they bought because they dont understand how it is engineered to perform. Here's a great video on this subject that better explains what I mean:
hxxp://www.youtube.com/watch?feature=player_embedded&v=89BOlViQXto
From watching the video, you quickly understand why some people get upset with their high dollar scale they bought, that uses strain gauge technology, because it won't register changes in the weight when the user is slowly adding small amounts of some powder. The video demonstrates that. Obviously, the problem isnt the lack of sensitivity of the scale but rather the way the software of the scale was engineered to perform and is well explained in the video.
What this video doesnt tell you is how to add small amounts of stuff to what you are trying to weigh, when using a strain gauge scale, and get a new measurement instead of having the thing sit there and register no changes, which is what a lot of people bitch about. What I have found to work is to remove the weighing tray holding your stuff from your scale. Then add a small amount of stuff to the mass on the tray. Then return the tray to the scale to see how much you just added. If you still dont have the measurement you want, remove the tray, add or remove some stuff to/from the tray. Then replace the tray on the scale to see what you've got and so on. You get my point: remove the tray from the scale before adding or removing stuff to finely adjust your total mass, then return the tray to the scale to get a new measurement. Practice this with some salt or sugar or tea leaves as they did in the video. With a little playing around with your scale you should get an idea of how to use it to reliably to get the measurements you want. Alot of people get strain gauge scales because they are cheaper then get upset because they were expecting it to perform like a magnetic force restoration scale. Unless you are willing to pay over $700 for a magnetic force restoration scale, expect to be working with the limitations of a strain guage scale.
Now how to test the linearity of your scale. Thats really easy. Find you and object like a paper clip or a small piece of stone or whatever. Set it on your scale and see how much it weighs and record the measurement. Take it off the scale and wait till the scale returns to zero. Then place the same object back and record the measurement. Do this a few times. You will notice after awhile how far off the measurements tend to be. The average of this error is your linearity. That's the margin of error you can confidently expect your scale to give you each time you weigh something. Comforting knowing that bit of information is now isnt it? Most manufacturers of milligram scales will advertise a linearity of +- .004g. Although, when you get a scale you might find the linearity to usually be +- .001g or +- .002g. Thats because they dont want to be sued. They would rather err to the larger number and have you be happy to find that the scale performs "better than you expected" after you get it. If a manufacturer refuses to quote a linearity for a scale, find another product to buy.
Strain guage scales can have very good linearity. Dont doubt that just because its a cheap scale. But you have to take the tray off the scale each time you want to fine tune the mass of stuff you are weighing as I understand it anyway.
Another quality to be mindful of when buying a scale, is to check the readability of the scale. I understand what that means but can't describe it well. So here's an example. On milligram scales you will usually find a readability of .001g or .002g. This means that the number in the window will move in increments of .001g or .002g or what ever the readability is engineered to be. Obviously, most of us will want a readability of .001g.
After all this talk, what scales do I have? I first got myself a Diamond Professional-Mini for $10. Max weigh capacity 10g and the manufacturer doesnt advertise a linearity for it whoever the manufacturer is. After testing it myself, I would say the worst linearity it will give is +-.004g on average. But a linearity of +-.003g is typical. The more I try to weigh at one time the worse the linearity is. I find that the best linearity is between .020g and 1g. After a year, I decided to invest in something I could trust better and read up on milligram scales to learn everything I could within reason and settled on a Gempro-250 for about $150 and it comes with a limited lifetime warranty (sweet!). It has a max weigh capacity of 50g and an advertised linearity of +-.001g. After testing it on my own, I find that the typical linearity is indeed about +-.001g and at worst +-.003g usualy. But it is a bit quirky when using calibration weights and placing the windscreen down. I havent figured it out yet but lowering the wind screen when I have a calibration weight on it makes the scale give a lower measurement. But it only does that with the heavy calibration weights. Otherwise, I think its a very good scale. I find that my scales will disagree by upto .005g obviously because the diamond has a greater linearity but usually the disagreement is only .003g or less. Neither scale can accurately weigh anything less than .005g and its not reasonable to expect any scale to imho.
I hope this helps people to understand why their scales dont work the way they think their scales should and to understand how to properly use their scales to get a measurement they can be confident with. Getting a weight measurement that you can be confident with is very important if one is to use substances safely. Obviously if you are dosing stuff thats active at less than .005g, you should be using volumetric dosing or pay a couple thousand for a truely bad assed scale worthy of doing some science with.