xycodone
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Not to be confused with oxytocin, oxandrolone, oxidation, or oxazepam.
Oxycodone
Systematic (IUPAC) name
4,5α-epoxy-14-hydroxy-3-methoxy-17-methylmorphinan-6-one
Identifiers
CAS number 76-42-6
ATC code N02AA05
N02AA55 (in combinations)
PubChem 5284603
DrugBank APRD00387
ChemSpider 4447649
Chemical data
Formula C18H21NO4
Mol. mass 315.364 g/mol
SMILES eMolecules & PubChem
Synonyms dihydrohydroxycodeinone, 14-hydroxydihydrocodeinone, 6-deoxy-7,8-dihydro-14-hydroxy-3-O-methyl-6-oxomorphine[1]
Pharmacokinetic data
Bioavailability Up to 87%
Protein binding 45%
Metabolism Hepatic (CYP450: 2D6 substrate)
Half life 3 - 4.5 hr
Excretion Urine (19% unchanged)
Therapeutic considerations
Pregnancy cat.
B/D (prolonged use or in high doses at term)
Legal status
Controlled (S8)(AU) Schedule I(CA) Class A(UK) Schedule II(US)
Dependence Liability Moderate - High
Routes oral, intramuscular, intravenous, intranasal, subcutaneous, transdermal, rectal, epidural[2]
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Oxycodone is an opioid analgesic medication synthesized from opium-derived thebaine. It was developed in 1916 in Germany, as one of several new semi-synthetic opioids in an attempt to improve on the existing opiates and opioids: morphine, diacetylmorphine (heroin), and codeine.[2]
Currently it is best known as the main active ingredient in a number of oral medications commonly prescribed for the relief of moderate to severe pain. Oxycodone can be combined with inert binders (e.g., OxyContin, Roxicodone, OxyIR); with paracetamol, also known as acetaminophen (e.g., Percocet, Endocet, Tylox, Roxicet); with aspirin (e.g., Percodan, Endodan, Roxiprin); and with ibuprofen (Combunox). Of the oral medications containing oxycodone, OxyContin is notable for its sales; for controversies concerning its patent status and marketing; and for its potentials for hazardous use, harmful use, dependence, and diversion.