Lots of questions...
Hey Mr. Machine - lots of questions.
Whoah...
Great first question.
Also, a great first defense - The idea that impurities are somehow responsible for what is seen in research of street users. The hopeful belief that, somehow, using pure product will offer protection.
There are some known combinations that DO potentiate the neurotoxic effect of MDMA. Notice how MDMA is reported as the
first toxin in this sentence.
Meth, a powerful dopamine stimulator, has been proven to increase toxicity. Piperazines, many of them too new for widespread study, have anecdotal reports of having
very bad interactions with MDMA.
So YES - some users of MDMA that report problems are possibly being affected by these or other adulterants.
BUT
The truth is, the results are
so reliably slanted towards long-term MDMA users displaying multiple markers of negative effects, that it is
quantity not
quality this is implicated. We would have to assume that
all long-term heavy users were getting bad shit, and that is NOT an assumption that sounds reasonable.
Multiple tests show that length of depression/recovery, severity of symptoms, performance on cognitive tests, markers of 5-ht in the CSF (cerebro-spinal fluid), AND brain scans revealing decreases and increases of blood-flow....ALL of these different tests find that
quantity of use correlates with the severity of the symptoms. In other words, hundreds of participants in a sample are charted using these kinds of tests. A defined curve is visible on these graphs, with the heavier users populating one part of the graph, and lighter users on the other. There can be exceptions, but overall this finding holds true for the vast majority of users.
Although relying on self-reported consumption is NOT a perfect method, it is the best available for 'street' studies. Despite this and OTHER confounding factors, the graphs
reliably predict that the users with the highest usage will have the most negative outcomes on any graph.
This is called a 'dose-dependent effect'.
This is a sweeping trend that cannot be ignored. Quantity of total lifetime use AND typical session dosing are implicated.
Second question - Have studies been done using pure and known quantities of MDMA?
These types of studies are considered controversial among scientists, because to them the debate on whether or not MDMA is toxic has been settled. The only remaining debate you are likely to see is the precise definition of 'toxicity' and its truly 'long-term' implications.
But, YES there have been studies like this done.
Typically dosing is kept low - between 50-150 mg, given in a cool environment.
However, I have seen a study on blood distribution that used a few doses over 300mg. I have never seen any study where a human was knowingly given more than 400mg.
With the lower doses, negative clinical outcomes are not generally found - suggesting that one-time dosing is unlikely to produce the extreme symptoms seen in heavier street users.
However, decreases in regional blood flow in the weeks following use HAVE been seen - a controversial finding suggesting serotonergic alterations with moderate dosing.
Occasionally,
increases are also seen, which is even more controversial because it is believed to be a more definitive marker of toxicity. In former heavy users on the street, these increases have been seen occurring for
many months following abstinence.
Now you want to know why blood-distribution being modified is a bad thing?
Well, this is something found in Neuroscience 101.
Although this science is young and still has an infinity of information to learn...
Forget MDMA for a minute. There is plenty of data on the general population.
Thousands upon thousands of scans agree - a healthy brain is one with even, symmetrical blood-distribution throughout the brain.
Younger brains will look more vibrant, but even older brains that have been cared for will still display a solid average distribution.
On these scans, any area where the blood flow is say, 10% less or more than the overall average, the machine can differentiate this. On the display, this can appear as 'holes' in the brain. In reality, there are no physical holes - the brain matter is still there.
But when changes are seen, it is OFTEN associated with problems.
In elderly with strokes, this change in bloodflow can result in paralysis or other issues including depression. In children with changes, there may be extreme clinical symptoms like anxiety disorders, lying, or cruelty...
Some patterns of blood flow are found to reliably cause certain symptoms, so scientists will attempt to assign meaning to these scans based on existing research. Much of the information is not well understood.
We must accept the fact that one of the FEW things that they know for
sure in neuroscience, is that blood distribution is supposed to be even throughout the brain.
Before MDMA research even began, it was well-known that serotonin played a LARGE role in this blood distribution.
So modifications from high doses of MDMA that cause LONG-term changes in blood flow is
assumed to be a very bad thing. This is not a leap, this is backed by a simple guideline that was determined using a LOT of data. People without even blood distribution have problems.
Also, you have people like me and many others on bluelight that describe 'brain-zaps' or 'head-pressure'. I promise you, you do NOT want to experience this.
I have had very few 'zaps', something described as a sudden shock sensation accompanied by a popping or clicking noise. What I have felt is more like a strong buzzing sensation, which can go on for hours. Occasionally this buzzing can reach a sudden crescendo, which is quite disabling. It can easily cause an increase in anxiety and restlessness. Sometimes it can be associated with visual distortions, spatial distortions, ringing in the ears, or even muscle twitches on the face. But more importantly than all this - it is always tied to sensations in my gut, and sometimes it feels like I might have a stroke. It is literally intestinal 'mind-bending'.
And strokes HAVE been seen to occur in
young users of MDMA.
Not all strokes result in paralysis, either.
In fact, I am prepared to believe that some small strokes may be
necessary. Just to help re-distribute some of those capillaries...
In MDMA research that continued, the blood distribution was seen to return to normal! This is believed to be caused by re-innervation of serotonin axons, as well as modifications in other neurotransmitter systems.
Somehow, the brain is literally 're-wiring' itself.
This is the term agreed upon by nearly all in the field.
This is the minimum definition of 'toxicity'.
So, YES - long or pronounced alterations in blood flow is NOT what any MDMA user wants to experience. If you have had short-term 'brain-zaps' then you can actually imagine what it would be like to live with that for months. Avoid this fate at all costs.
This had to be a long answer, because this touches on the very core of the recovery experience. It is simultaneously the most
difficult part of the process AND the most
important.
I can tell that this 'mind-bending' is what is fixing me.
On several occasions I have noticed marked improvements in my perception of the world in the days following a bad episode. This seems to be a cycle that is continually replaying itself.
Also, I can feel my intestines starting to regain sensation AND function at the same time.
What is going on here is the 'gut' is literally 're-wiring' the brain.
That is my general assessment.
Next question...
I stated that the 'vast network of nerves (intestine to brain) CAN be damaged'.
You wanted to know whether or not there is 'definitive' knowledge about which drugs were being used and if the MDMA was adulterated...
This is a repetition of the initial defense.
No disrespect, but it is a sign that you are looking for reasons to
continue doing the drug. If you are looking this hard, you need to ask yourself why.
You should accept this claim of mine as the
minimum that has been established by the research.
Of course MDMA causes this.
This was already understood before we left the gate...
Lets see, how do I put this...
All MDMA research is studying the 'brain-gut' connection.
That's what the 5-ht system is.
Sure, it affects LOTS of other things, but digestion is its
primary function.
All research showing 'toxicity' of MDMA is pointing at the 'brain-gut' connection.
So, YES - it is
definitively understood that MDMA causes damage or 'alterations' to the 'brain-gut' circuitry.
All serotonergic drugs are targeting these 'brain-gut' circuits, which is WHY they have such wide-reaching and potent effects. LSD, mushrooms, mescaline, piperazines...these are all playing with these intestinal nerves IN the brain.
Again, no disrespect intended. This was just a firm response given for public benefit.
Next question...
You wanted to know if pre-disposition to psychological illness is responsible for the prevalence of disorders seen in former users...
Sure, this is a confounding factor.
A relatively small portion of the population uses MDMA, and perhaps a large percentage of these people are 'self-medicating'.
Even if this is true, it offers NO support to your desire to do MDMA.
You are still a part of this 'small' group, and thus you may be one of the 'pre-disposed'.
However,
plenty or research points to the heavy users as having more depression or anxiety. Heavy is usually defined as 200-400 pills lifetime.
Mental-health workers in many different parts of the world will tell you that a large increase in the number of young people has been seen since MDMA use became prevalent.
There are many anecdotal reports that 'binging' is a VERY bad idea.
This is in line with much of the animal research which has shown that repeated heavy doses for several days in a row will produce 'long-term' serotonergic changes. Or 'toxicity'.
Which answers your next question...
Are there controlled studies that show toxicity is dose-dependent or is this just researchers opinions?
Honestly, how can you even question this one?
Dose-dependent toxicity is
clearly shown in
countless animal and human studies.
Call it 'toxicity', 're-wiring', or 'adaptation'....but ALL research shows that these alterations become more pronounced with
repeated doses.
In fact, repeated doses are
commonly used, because the researchers want to
guarantee the presence of 'toxicity'.
The truth of dose=toxicity is the standard by which
most of the 'controlled' animal research depends on.
Next question...
Has there been a 'control group' of 'healthy users' to see if depression and anxiety were still likely to occur?...
In a recent study, a very careful selective process was used to narrow down a sample of several hundred users to about 50.
Due to stringent restrictions, many people on Bluelight would also be eliminated for simply attending a rave or being a marijuana user...
Mental illness personally or in the family would also disqualify you...
The study found, with a small sample of qualified people, that MDMA didn't show any
obvious signs of psychological problems.
Keep in mind, that these were probably moderate users.
They didn't do ANY other drugs, and they typically took their MDMA at home.
If you do not belong to this elite group, you cannot assume any safety from this increased risk of 'clinically significant' symptoms.
If you smoke marijuana, you are not only disqualified from this control group, but you are already pre-determined to be
five times more likely to develop schizophrenia. This was determined using a
very large scale military study!
There are plenty of former MDMA users that have described a period of depression, but many of them say it is transient.
It would appear that some sort of short-term 'mood-disturbance' is relatively
common. Wouldn't it?
Although there are no such LARGE scale studies on MDMA users, it could be assumed that MDMA would have a
higher impact on mental health than just marijuana alone.
For those that only roll once or twice a year, they would be unlikely to develop such severe problems. But for the 'repeated' dosers....the 'dose-dependent' ones...their risk goes up MUCH higher.
Again, no 'definitive' proof, just really solid supportive evidence.
Next question...
You want me to link to the study showing sexual dysfunction being caused by MDMA.
You got me on this one.
I wish I could...
But it simply isn't out there.
They do not ask the question.
I STRONGLY think that they should!
I have personally conversed with five MDMA users that have had
major problems with sex drive and sexual function.
I have heard anecdotal stories about others, outside of this group.
I have also seen a group of
hundreds of former SSRI users that claim the
same problem. Interestingly, they also claim MANY of the other symptoms that former MDMA users have.
This overlap effect shows a correlation.
It is also important to point out that in recent SSRI research it has been determined that 60-80% of patients undergo some type of sexual problem!
This normally goes away after discontinuation, but for some it is long-term/permanent.
Initially, the manufacturers of the drugs were publishing MUCH lower instances of sexual problems. Around 5%.
This is because they only used studies of patients 6-8 weeks into treatment, when the effects are just starting to set in.
Also, they only recorded this data if the patient
volunteered the information. They didn't even ask the question!
So the patients, in the early stages of treatment, would have to be so convinced that they were having sexual issues that they would speak up about them...
When these variables were changed: mandatory questioning of ALL patients long INTO therapy...the percentage of reported sexual side-effects
skyrocketed.
So, it might be assumed that in MDMA research, this question also needs to become 'mandatory'.
I would expect that the 'heavy' user category would have a frequent occurrence of this phenomena...
Just so you know:
Your penis is attached to your rectal nerve and your prostate is attached to your gastric nerve. Women's cervix is attached to their vagus nerve, and actually subverts the spinal cord!
Doesn't it make sense that if the 'brain-gut' circuity is damaged, that sexual side-effects could ensue?
Just ask the former SSRI people I have emailed who claim 'absolutely no sensation during sex or orgasm'...or 'complete flatness and lack of emotion towards other people'.
There is enough evidence of sexual problems that you should be concerned.
The need for 'definitive' evidence shouldn't exist here.
Your dick is more important than that, right?
And finally...
Vit C and antioxidants....
You are correct, the dosage of Vit C necessary to protect against a
proven toxic dose of MDMA was LARGE.
When I looked at the scaling, it appeared the dose required would be equivalent to taking 3 large VIT C tablets MANY times throughout the day. Before, during, and after the roll...
Definitely atypical...
The majority of users would be drinking orange juice, which falls drastically short of the requirement.
That is why I HIGHLY recommend the consumption of HIGH doses of Vit C throughout the day. When I am sick, I do this anyways. 3000mg, 3 times a day.
For MDMA, make it 6 times a day.
The stuff can't hurt you as there is no toxic dose with Vit C.
Some people experience stomach upset from it, I used to. But this is a small price to pay for the protection it 'probably' offers.
Also, consider that you may not be doing really high doses of MDMA...
It would be reasonable to assume that
high/I] doses of Vit C could offer real protection for the moderate MDMA user...
Even if this is wrong, it can't hurt.
Ok...
Well, you are welcome.
And thank you, too....for the many questions.
edit: it seems to me that people that require definitive proof that something might be harmful, when there is a mountain of evidence that points to this conclusion...
are simply in denial about the truth.
Visit the advanced drug discussion board and they will call you a 'future e-tard'.
Please understand it was not my intent to be insulting to your many questions.
I genuinely mean no disrespect. I hope you are truly looking for information rather than simply trying to support your own pre-determined beliefs about a toxic drug that you lovingly protect.
However, I am surprised at how little is really known about the risks involved considering the number of users out there and the endless research done by science. This is the reason I am so insistent about what I know to be true...
Honestly, all of you...
can't you tell that it's a toxic substance when you take it??
Seriously, chew it up and hold it in your mouth next time. For a while...
Then tell me you still need definitive proof! 
Doesn't it taste SO damn bitter that it makes your body shiver in disgust?
Isn't this response a classic sign of a poison?
Your body knows it is....that's why it takes so horrid if you chew it, and that is why it has such a powerful effect upon the body.
Accept the truth:
Only a poison could induce such a powerful and pleasurable experience!
Science does show that 'recovery' occurs eventually, but it also clearly shows that 're-wiring' of the brain is happening. Those of us in 'recovery' warn the rest of you: Avoid this fate at ALL costs.
Stop looking for definitive proof.
Accept the evidence that shows you are putting yourself at risk.
Do whatever you can to minimize this risk.
Accept the evidence that permanent alterations in your 'brain-gut' circuitry are happening already.
Test your stuff, know your dose, use LOTS of Vit C, and STOP rolling so much!
Seriously, how many times do you think you can really re-create the best night of your life?