Jabberwocky
Frumious Bandersnatch
By pointing out that even normal middle aged people can have VHD I think you're furthering my point to be wary of drug induced VHD...
The controls in the study I linked did not have any abnormal echocardiograms and looking at the range of ages in your study, the youngest bracket is 26-39... I'd hardly call a 39 year old a young adult...
"Mild regurgitation of either mitral or tricuspid valves is present in 20% of the population for the age in the MDMA study" - this could be a big misinterpretation of the data. 9% mild mitral regurgitation, 13% mild tricuspid regurgitation - what, did you add those two figures together assuming that nobody was suffering from both?? The rate of having VHD was possibly far less than 20% of the population.. Also 0% for mild aortic regurgitation... Compare that to the MDMA figures for young adults
"Eight subjects (28%) who took MDMA had abnormal echocardiographic results using the United States Food and Drug Administration's criteria for appetite suppressant-induced valvular heart disease, compared with none in the control group. Six (21%) subjects had mitral regurgitation, compared with none in the control group. Tricuspid regurgitation present in 13 MDMA users (45%) and absent in controls. Four MDMA users (14%) had mild aortic regurgitation. Valvular "strands" were present in 6 MDMA users (21%) and in none of the controls." (P values and regurgitation degree data removed for clarity although who knows how much of a gap there is between mild and moderate dysfunction, maybe the MDMA mild regurgitation leans more towards moderate for all I know).
And I don't exactly feel qualified or motivated enough to dig through the data to determine the degree of regurgitation, although I imagine it is on average worse in the young adult MDMA abusers than the 26-39 bracket. There are also case reports of MDMA induced valvulopathy significant enough to cause severe symptoms, I recall one was severe enough to warrant a trip to the ER for a younger man.
And why are you speaking solely of affinity when intrisincic efficacy at the receptor in question is important? Think psilocybin... Probably not a big deal because it's a partial agonist.
TWO WORDS -- Nonrepresentative samples
TWO MORE WORDS -- bad science
The fact that ZERO members of the control group have ANY regurgitation means the ENTIRE study is useless because the control group does not represent the general population.
Furthermore, when assessing pharmaceuticals the FDA requires the null hypothesis, namely that use of a drug does not affect anyone any differently than placebo, and also requires that the evidence be overwhelming in regard to effect.
The evidence presented in the study does not support falsifying the null hypothesis with regard to incidence of regurgitation nor fibrosis.
Furthermore no actual evidence of fibrosis was presented, simple echocardiograms without confirmation by biopsy == which is required to actually diagnose valvular fibrosis.
Using echocardiograms of regurgitation, as a surrogate for fibrosis is BAD MEDICINE, publishing a study using the same is a HACK JOB against MDMA -- just like RICAURTE and his meth head monkeys