Re: Marijuana should not be Schedule I (Long)
For ease of reading.. sorry if i messed up yuor paragraph breaks
Originally posted by Shimmer.Fade
According to the Controlled Substances Act of 1970, controlled substances are classified on a system of five schedules: schedule I substances are very prone to abuse, have no medical use, and are unsafe to use while being monitored by medical professionals; schedule II substances are prone to abuse and may cause severe physiological and psychological dependence; also, substances on schedules II through V have accepted medicinal use; schedule III though V substances are less prone to abuse than substances in the preceding schedules and abuse may lead to dependence less than that of preceding schedules. The Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA) classified marijuana among other dangerous controlled substances under schedule I. However, according to studies conducted by the Office of National Drug Control Policy, marijuana causes psychological dependence and little physiological dependence.
Furthermore, medical uses for marijuana have been recognized by several states and verified in multiple studies (DrugText.org). Consequently, marijuana should not be classified as a schedule I substance because schedule I substances lack accepted medicinal use, possess high potential for abuse, and lack safety when used under medical supervision (CSA). Schedule I substances are not recognized for medicinal use within the United States. According to the DEA, hallucinogenic substances elicit hallucinations, drastic behavioral changes, and distorted perceptions in time and space. The hallucinogenic substances located under schedule I are very good examples of substances that lack medicinal value, and therefore lack accepted medicinal use. Although schedule II through V substances have potential for abuse they also have accepted medicinal use. For instance, Hydrocodone is a schedule II/III opiate derivative prescribed by physicians for pain relief (Erowid.org). Furthermore, hydrocodone can be addictive and is often abused. However, hydrocodone is very important to medicine because it provides excellent pain relief. As a result of its pain relieving properties hydrocodone is recognized for medicinal use.
Most schedule I substances possess a very high potential for abuse. For example, heroin is an extremely addictive, schedule I opiate that can lead to very severe dependence (University of Oslo). The following experience is a tragic occurrence that happens all too often. The user was thirteen, and smoked heroin for the first time when some of his older brother’s friends coerced him into it (Erowid.org). He described his experience as flying to the moon and back. However, due to the pure euphoria the user continued smoking heroin for the next four months which caused his tolerance to soar. Since the user’s tolerance continually increased he began injecting heroin intravenously, and continued doing so over the next six years. Aspects of heroin abuse nearly claimed the user’s life, and did claim the lives of many of his friends. Heroin abuse is hard to stop because the withdrawal symptoms are torturous and the addict longs to end them with another high. In fact, when users stop using heroin they go through two stages, withdrawal and protracted abstinence syndrome (PAS). The symptoms during withdrawal last seven to ten days and involve nausea, tremors, craving, irritability, and loss of appetite (DEA). Following withdrawal the addict goes through PAS which lasts at least thirty-one weeks and involves abnormal blood pressure, pupil diameter, pulse rate, body temperature, and feelings of depression (DrugLibrary.org).
Schedule I substances are potentially harmful when used under proper medical supervision. For instance, 4-methoxyamphetamine (PMA) is a drug that has very unpredictable side effects such as cardiac arrest, labored breathing, pulmonary congestion, renal failure, convulsions, coma, and death (DEA). Consequently, PMA is placed under schedule I because it is too dangerous for use under medical supervision. In contrast, Diazepam is a schedule IV substance that lacks dangerous side effects, and has very little potential for harm when used under professional medical supervision (Mentalhealth.com).
By classifying marijuana as a schedule I substance the DEA refuses to accept its medicinal value. However, studies show that medicinal marijuana can be used to relieve symptoms of multiple sclerosis, pain, epilepsy, glaucoma, bronchial asthma, and AIDS or cancer related eating disorders (DrugText.org). Furthermore, nine states have laws that legalize the use of marijuana for medicinal purposes and thirty-five states have legislation recognizing the medicinal potential for marijuana (Holland). Dixie Romagno, a sufferer of multiple sclerosis who used marijuana to alleviate associated symptoms reports “I put 1/8 of a gram into a water pipe and inhale slowly, holding my breath for approximately ten seconds, then exhale. Relief is nearly immediate. My muscles relax and I feel more in control. This lasts for about two and a half hours.”
Marijuana does have potential for abuse, although the potential for abuse is nothing near that of most other schedule I drugs. Furthermore, there is no scientific agreement as to whether or not marijuana causes dependency (Norml.org). The reasons for this disagreement include lack of physical dependence and the difference of addiction between different people. Most often, when a user stops consuming marijuana they experience restlessness, irritability, and mild sleep disruption. However, it is unknown to what degree the physiological or psychological dependence affects these symptoms. Moreover, marijuana has less potential for abuse than many substances on schedules II through V. For instance, a commonly prescribed and abused group of substances known as benzodiazepines can cause severe physical and psychological dependence (DEA). The withdrawal symptoms of benzodiazepines are similar to alcohol and can cause seizures which lead to death. Compared with the addictive nature of other controlled substances the potential to abuse marijuana is low.
When marijuana was classified as a schedule I substance the facts concerning its dangers and uses were very unclear. One notorious study conducted by Dr. Robert Heath showed brain damage in rhesus monkeys. However, because of a small sample size and extremely large doses many researchers denied the validity of the experiment (Erowid.org). Consequently, two recent studies using a greater number of rhesus monkeys failed to duplicate the results of his experiment. Multiple studies of marijuana have shown that there is little chance that marijuana can cause permanent brain damage (Norml.org). The most damaging part of marijuana is the smoke, for carcinogens are released when the plant material is burnt (DEA). Therefore, smoking marijuana is very bad for a person’s lungs and can cause premature cancer. However, eating marijuana in the form of brownies or candies does not cause physical damage or release carcinogens that are found in the smoke. Also, according to the US National Commission on Marihuana and Drug Abuse, one third of a person’s bodyweight in marijuana must be consumed all at once to overdose, so the toxicity of marijuana must be very low. In contrast, the highly used drug known as aspirin is responsible for hundreds of deaths due to overdose each year (Francis Young).
Scheduling marijuana as a schedule I substance is unwarranted because marijuana does not fit the three criteria that define a schedule I substance. When marijuana became a schedule I drug under the Controlled Substance Act the misinformation about marijuana was very prolific (DrugLibrary.org). Furthermore, new scientific findings contradict the criteria that define marijuana as a schedule I substance, yet the DEA continues to maintain that marijuana is a schedule I drug.
According to Santa Clara Valley Health and Hospital (SCVHH) smoked, crude marijuana is not a good medicine, and Marinol provides the same medical benefits (DADS). Marinol is a schedule III substance that is made from the main active ingredient in marijuana. Also, Marinol is consumed in a tablet form so smoking is not involved. Also, the SCVHH contends that studies showing the benefits of medicinal marijuana in glaucoma and multiple sclerosis are inaccurate.
Marijuana does lack physiological dependence, yet is a very insidious substance nonetheless. Many people who smoke marijuana find they lack the power to quit. For instance, an acquaintance once said “I just can’t seem to stop [smoking marijuana], it is too available, too tempting, and all my friends do it.” Studies often fail to incorporate the subtle social and emotional factors that make marijuana addiction extremely hard to beat. Though the chemicals in marijuana may not be very addictive the experience of getting high is. The feelings of euphoria, nonchalance, and camaraderie that the addict shares with his friends are a great reward for a small price. Consequently, the addict does not realize he is becoming addicted, and before long the addict finds that it is extremely hard to stop consuming marijuana.
Using marijuana only a few times can lead to other drug use (ONDCP). This idea is known as the Gateway Theory. Studies show that people who have used marijuana go on to use harder drugs. For example, if marijuana were prescribed as a medication people would be introduced to the high, and from this introduction people may wish to experiment with harder substances. Consequently, prescribing a gateway drug to help treat an ailment is not safe, for medical supervision will not be present if the patient decides to experiment with harder more dangerous substances.
The potential for marijuana to be abused is present. Moreover, because of the insidious way marijuana affects the psyche it is hard to not abuse. Also, since marijuana is so frequently acquired and consumed people do not recognize their problem and continue to abuse the substance. Consequently, if marijuana were removed from schedule I it would be even easier to acquire and abuse.
By definition, marijuana does not belong under schedule I. However, there are many facets to the issue, for marijuana has potential and danger in equal parts. While marijuana itself is a relatively safe substance the paths to which abuse can lead are devastating. In contrast, the medicinal values of marijuana show immense promise. The proper classification of marijuana is debatable, for only time and future research will place this substance where it belongs.
If you actually read this please tell me how you feel about it or if you noticed anything wrong with it. thanks!