Let's reflect on the title: "Industrial Society and Its Future". Society is the noun in this title, not industry or technology.
It's less about technology and more about how we have all been indoctrinated to believe whatever political narrative is most attuned to convincing us that happiness comes from supporting economic growth with labour and consumption. It's about how we're raised from birth to be obedient, functional cogs in the machinery of progress that has created this urban technological utopia that we have been made dependent on so that our continued obedience to this system is preferable to any more primitive form of existence, community and social structure.
Yes the focus is undoubtedly on how the increasing reliance on technology influences the direction of society. But as far as society raising people to be cogs in the system, I do not see this as a separate issue from the criticisms of technology. Does one not plainly lead to the other?
Direct quote:
"modern man is strapped down by a network of rules and regulations, and his fate depends on the actions of persons remote from him whose decisions he cannot influence. This is not accidental or a result of the arbitrariness of arrogant bureaucrats. It is necessary and inevitable in any technologically advanced society. The system HAS TO regulate human behavior closely in order to function."
Further:
"In any technologically advanced society the individual's fate MUST depend on decisions that he personally cannot influence to any great extent. A technological society cannot be broken down into small, autonomous communities, because production depends on the cooperation of very large numbers of people and machines. Such a society MUST be highly organized and decisions HAVE TO be made that affect very large numbers of people. When a decision affects, say, a million people, then each of the affected individuals has, on the average, only a one-millionth share in making the decision. What usually happens in practice is that decisions are made by public officials or corporation executives, or by technical specialists, but even when the public votes on a decision the number of voters ordinarily is too large for the vote of any one individual to be significant."
And what is to me the most compelling argument:
"While technological progress AS A WHOLE continually narrows our sphere of freedom, each new technical advance CONSIDERED BY ITSELF appears to be desirable. Electricity, indoor plumbing, rapid long-distance communications ... how could one argue against any of these things, or against any other of the innumerable technical advances that have made modern society? It would have been absurd to resist the introduction of the telephone, for example. It offered many advantages and no disadvantages. Yet, as we explained in paragraphs 59-76, all these technical advances taken together have created a world in which the average man's fate is no longer in his own hands or in the hands of his neighbors and friends, but in those of politicians, corporation executives and remote, anonymous technicians and bureaucrats whom he as an individual has no power to influence."
It is very easy to extrapolate this into the modern day. The internet - which our entire society has come to rely on in a very short period of time - is largely controlled by a small handful of huge corporations which in turn are influenced by or are influencers of the state and various political agendas.
For example 60% of all the servers in the world are collectively owned by Amazon, Microsoft, and Google. Additionally, Amazon has contracts to run servers for the CIA while Microsoft does the same for the DoD. So even the most powerful branches of the US government are now reliant on private tech companies. When you think about it this is pretty crazy.
The increase in "cloud computing" as a trend has directly lead to over half of the internet being controlled by three companies. What this means for the average citizen is that a series of seemingly unrelated online services are in fact all hosted largely by those three companies. And the government organisations above them who have all the information and power are similarly trusting those same services. This means those three companies - and the government - sit on a goldmine of data.
Similarly, look at smartphones, which again we have come to heavily rely on as a society in a very short period of time. 90% of all smartphones in the world are Android based. So Google effectively controls and, as per its whole business model, surveils almost the entire worldwide smartphone market.
And of course the amount of data gathered by social media companies such as Facebook, which we are becoming increasingly reliant on for socialising, goes without saying. Facebook of course is undoubtedly the dominant social media company and maintains their dominance by buying out competitors.
The real world implications of this are clear in events such as Snowden's NSA leaks. The NSA can pretty much collect the data of the entire internet through forming alliances with a small number of companies. If you have the three big cloud providers you effectively have 60% of the internet already. One of those is Google which in turn gives you access to 90% of smartphones. Facebook gives you almost all social media.
On a lower level, it also means governments who wish to spy on and censor their citizens similarly only need to target a handful of companies in order to do so. We are all so reliant on the internet, and the internet is so easy to control, it is now trivial for governments to control us through it.
For the most extreme realisation of this you need look no further than China's social credit system. They partnered with Chinese tech giants such as Alibaba and Tencent to develop the system and gather initial data, then the government swooped it up into a state controlled centralised system. The control exerted in the Chinese system is remarkable only in how overt it is. The same level of data is held on individuals in pretty much any developed country.
Consider dictatorships of the past, before the internet. In order to gather information on people you had to encourage neighbours to inform on each other and have police constantly roaming the streets. It's easy to imagine that while laws were strict on paper, in reality it's likely a lot of crime went undetected simply because gathering the information was very difficult. Today gathering information is extremely easy and can simply be automated with very little manpower.
Even without government interventions, we are at a point where decisions made by American tech companies affect the entire world. We see very real examples of this in, for instance, the Cambridge Analytica scandal, where Facebook allowed user data to be gathered and abused for political gain in multiple countries.
It is unlikely, but a political party could run on a platform of promising to increase privacy and win. But how would you verify they are sticking to their word even in this scenario? The actual servers running all this are closed off and private, as are the organisations in charge of them, and there is a huge economic and political incentive to continue with how things are. You have to take someone's word for it if they promise to reverse this and just hope they are not lying. The whole thing is out of your control. As was predicted, you are entirely dependent on decisions made by government officials and technicians in a manner that allows you no real influence.
And so, you reread those quotes again, and consider these facts, and you can see in a very real way how increased centralised social control and technological advancement are going hand in hand.
What will happen in the future is anyone's guess, but a look at the current state of technology can only lead one to conclude Kaczynski was right.