Several liver enzymes, particularly those within the
Cytochrome P450 (CYP450) system, play a crucial role in opioid metabolism, and their activity can affect the potency and duration of opioid effects. CYP3A4 and CYP2D6 are key players in this process, with CYP3A4 being a primary metabolizer for many opioids, and CYP2D6 being involved in the conversion of some opioids to more potent metabolites.
Inhibiting CYP3A4 or CYP2D6 can increase opioid levels in the body, potentially leading to increased effects and risks
If a substance inhibits the activity of CYP3A4 or CYP2D6 in the liver, the opioids metabolized by those enzymes will be metabolized slower, leading to higher levels in the bloodstream. This can increase the potency and duration of the opioid's effects, potentially leading to more pronounced pain relief, but also increasing the risk of side effects like sedation, respiratory depression, and overdose.
Strong inhibitors of CYP3A4 :
Clarithromycin, itraconazole, ketoconazole, nefazodone, nelfinavir, ritonavir, saquinavir, tipranavir
Others : grapefruit juice, noni juice
Strong inhibitors of CYP2D6 :
Fluoxetine, paroxetine, quinidine, bupropion, and cinacalcet.
I tried this little hack and it worked on & off (not consistent) :
Take Tums 3-4 minutes before dosing opioids. Then, add a steroid at the same time of the opioids. The Tums helps keep the opioids inside of the liver longer and the steroid helps some opioids cross the blood brain barrier faster & easier. Tums is not good to take everyday and all throughout the day. It raises the calcium levels in the kidneys too much.
These can help to increase the strength of methadone :
tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs), ketoconazole and fluconazole, selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, erythromycin, and metronidazole
Some medications can decrease methadone levels :
some antiretroviral drugs (e.g.,
nevirapine, ritonavir),
phenytoin and carbamazepine,
risperidone,
rifampicin, and
fusidic acid. Long‐term alcohol
ingestion and cigarette smoking can also reduce serum methadone levels