Amygdala
Bluelighter
- Joined
- Sep 13, 2009
- Messages
- 62
I heard oxytocin, not vasopressin -- although I've heard the two are interrelated. What's the final word on that? >_O
It's oxytocin, but it's only a hypothesis which is that MDMA's unique (compared to amphetamines) empathogenic effects are caused by oxytocin. This is because MDMA has been shown to cause increased plasma oxytocin in humans and it correlated with pro-social effects (note: what happens in the blood may be different from the brain!), and in the brains of rats. This is put together with recent (in the last 10 years) research showing that oxytocin is involved in such pro-social behaviors like pair bonding, social recognition, empathy and trust. There is still nothing to say that MDMA's pro-social effects are defiantly caused by oxytocin in humans, but this is pretty good evidence so far.
There isn't much scientific interest (to my knowledge) on whether or not something might be happening to vasopressin to get the pro-social effects. But we do know that it's elevated peripherally after MDMA use It probably causes the nasty hyponatremia (too much water, not enough salt) side effect of too much MDMA. Most are interested in oxytocin rather than vasopressin.
Vasopressin is indeed related to oxytocin. They have similar structures, and at higher concentrations, can affect each other's receptors. They are both released from the same location (posterior pituitary) and made in the same place. They are both involved in social cognition, exactly what role depends on the animal. Vasopressin is probably more commonly known as anti diuretic hormone.