The prohibition of recreational drugs after 1914 quickly turned hundreds of thousands of solid citizens into criminals. Hundreds of physicians became jailbirds. Black-market merchants demanded piles of cash for what used to be a few pennies worth of powder from the friendly local apothecary. "The scope of this change," writes Courtwright, "can be described by the etymology of a single word, 'junkie.' During the early 1920s, a number of New York City addicts supported themselves by picking through industrial dumps for scraps of copper, lead, zinc and iron, which they collected in a wagon and then sold to a dealer. Junkie, in its original sense, literally meant junkman.