Hey again Shant. The answer to your question appears to be yes. There are various instances of long-term effects following people for a protracted period of time following dependencies upon different drugs.
If you're not familiar with the "Kindling Effect" associated with sedative-hypnotic dependence, I would definitely check it out. Here is some light reading on the subject. Hopefully the link works.
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The Kindling Effect is most commonly studied in abusers of Alcohol, Benzodiazepines and Barbiturates, although the phenomenon appears to apply to some way in nearly all drugs that produce dependency. In short, it appears that the body adjusts either permanently or for an otherwise very long time following abstinence.
We still dont know a lot about many aspects or dug dependency and its long-term effects. You can pretty much be sure that long-term dependency will present you with long-term challenges, but some of the specifics of these phenomena are still mysteries.
I dont know if one dose of Tramadol would set me off at this point in my life, but if I were to take an Opioid for 2-3 days, I could be nearly sure of experiencing a full-fledged Opioid withdrawal syndrome.