TChort: you've got a point, but it's a fact that codeine and APAP/ibuprofen provide synergystic effects. As with atropine and diphenoxylate (atropine slows the GI tract, allowing water to be reabsorbed more effectively). The only drug I can't rationalise is Suboxone; the naloxone is in there only to deter abuse, so in that respect you are right.
But, you are also right when you say compounded codeine preps are made that way because liver failure would occur before a high was achieved. I hate to say it but this is the case it seems... I have asked countless times (to lectures etc back at uni) why codeine single prep was in the most restrictive schedule, yet codeine + APAP was in the least restrictive schedule. I never got an answer, but it was always hinted that compounded things couldn't be abused. I guess its obvious why.
If a determent must be added I think it goes without saying it shouldn't be life threatening. It's pathetic that govt would rather you die of liver failure than get high on codeine
It all comes back to money and power. That being the case, anything they do doesn't have to make sense- as long as no one has the power the challange them.
With Lomotil the doses of Atropine are not intended to be active (Wikipedia has the 25mcg dose in each tablet as 1/40th the active dose of Atropine)- the Atropine only becomes active when enough tablets have been consumed to abuse the Diphenoxylate. So the entire purpose of the Atropine is to
poison the user, as when the pills are taken therapeutically as directed, the Atropine is inactive. This is true for the sister drug of Diphenoxylate, Difenoxin, which also comes with Atropine in minute doses unless abused. The thing with Codeine that you mention is true for Diphenoxylate and Difenoxin as well- CII when alone, CV w/ Atropine, just like Codeine w/ APAP. Same thing for Dihydrocodeine, and at higher schedules Pentazocine alone or with Naloxone, Hydrocodone alone or with APAP, etc.
While it is true that an NSAID/Aspirin will promote analgesia when taken with a narcotic, I do not believe that is a valid reason to combine them in one formulation. Many medical books, government sites, etc will admit as much (that the purpose of adding NSAIDs to opioid pills is to deter abuse).
Plus, everytime a new 'anti-abuse' mechanism is unveiled, it is defeated very soon thereafter, and a text file is up on the web with instructions how to beat it for IV use or safe oral use (TEVA OxyContin, Opana ER, Palladone when it was available, MS-Contin, etc).