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Neurosteroids and dopamine receptors, can someone help me understand?

Neuroprotection

Bluelighter
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Apr 18, 2015
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most of us know about neuroactive steroids, How they are derived from sex hormones and how they work too either enhance GABAA or NMDA glutamate receptors depending on the steroid in question.
With those mechanisms, we can imagine how neurosteroids modulate mood by calming or exciting particular areas of the brain and in terms of rewarding effects, they’ve been shown to trigger the activity of the VTA and promote dopamine release in the nucleus accumbens. that’s no surprise, most rewarding/addictive drugs do that.
However, I am very surprised by some articles I recently came across which suggest the following: neurosteroids are actually necessary for the proper functioning of the dopamine D1 receptor pathway at the post synaptic level. if I remember correctly, the way they prove this is by administering the drug finasteride which prevents neurosteroid synthesis in key areas of the brain. i’ll provide some links in the next post. to summarise, the key findings were that finasteride and related 5alpha reductase inhibitors produced potent anti-dopaminergic effects in animal models. aside from hair loss, finasteride has actually been considered to manage ticks and impulse control disorders in humans.
Some have suggested it for schizophrenia, though I very much doubt it will work for that condition. Finasteride causes. horrible psychological effects in many healthy people, a schizophrenic certainly doesn’t need those on top of their own condition.
 
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Ended up posting a lot more links than I thought I would. The point. I wish. to put across is that neurosteroids appear to be necessary for the expression of dopaminergic functions and behaviours. Interestingly, it seems to be that inhibiting neurosteroids actions with 5alpha reductase inhibitors decreases behaviours caused by dopaminergic agonist like amphetamine or apomorphine such as hyperactivity and stereotype behaviour. meanwhile, 5Alpha reductase inhibition has no effect on behaviours caused by NMDA antagonist including NMDA antagonist associated hyperactivity.
I do wonder if a better understanding of the neurosteroid system could allow better therapeutic modulation of dopamine as well as leveraging dopamine for human enhancement.
 
I started finasteride about 2 years ago and one thing I noticed is that I don't really get angry anymore. Like I used to get really angry at little things, to the point of throwing coffee mugs or phones through a wall or TV like once a month. :rolleyes:

A short while after I started finasteride I noticed that I wasn't having these episodes any longer, and I actually haven't had one since. I'll still have certain days where I'm irritable (opiates tend to make it worse, for example), but I don't really lose control of my emotions anymore. I also don't get frustrated nearly as easily, and I just let little things go.

It always made sense to me, when you think about "roid rage", which I presume is mediated through androgen receptors. However, my life also improved a lot in almost every aspect over the past couple years, so that might also explain my better temperament, independent of finasteride.
 
I started finasteride about 2 years ago and one thing I noticed is that I don't really get angry anymore. Like I used to get really angry at little things, to the point of throwing coffee mugs or phones through a wall or TV like once a month. :rolleyes:

A short while after I started finasteride I noticed that I wasn't having these episodes any longer, and I actually haven't had one since. I'll still have certain days where I'm irritable (opiates tend to make it worse, for example), but I don't really lose control of my emotions anymore. I also don't get frustrated nearly as easily, and I just let little things go.

It always made sense to me, when you think about "roid rage", which I presume is mediated through androgen receptors. However, my life also improved a lot in almost every aspect over the past couple years, so that might also explain my better temperament, independent of finasteride.


Thank you so much for sharing that. this is honestly the first time I’ve ever heard about finasteride positively influencing emotions/mental health. I guess in your case, via the suppression of neurosteroid actions, and in turn the suppression of dopamine, it may be acting as a mood stabiliser.
Just out of interest, did you notice any anhedonia?
I’ve always thought of finasteride as evil because of the horrible mental side-effects it has caused many people including severe depression and aggression. however, your story reminded me that we all have unique brain chemistry which means that even a medication that could destroy the lives of many people may still be the perfect solution for some.
 
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Thank you so much for sharing that. this is honestly the first time I’ve ever heard about finasteride positively influencing emotions/mental health. I guess in your case, via the suppression of neurosteroid actions, and in turn the suppression of dopamine, it may be acting as a mood stabiliser.
Just out of interest, did you notice any anhedonia?
I’ve always thought of finasteride as evil because of the horrible mental side-effects it has caused many people including severe depression and aggression. however, your story reminded me that we all have unique brain chemistry which means that even a medication that could destroy the lives of many people may still be the perfect solution for some.
Just to be clear, I can't be entirely sure it's the finasteride, even though it's a possible contributor in my mind. As for what downstream factors could be responsible, I think that's even more speculative. Although androgen receptors probably have important rapid and longer-term effects in brain, so dopamine and/or neurosteroids wouldn't necessarily be responsible.


Thankfully I haven't experienced any side-effects, and I think the possible side-effects of finasteride are way overblown, but (like any drug) are probably there for a small minority of individuals. For myself, hair loss was a guarantee for severe and permanent psychological side-effects, so it was a no-brainer to take finasteride. I only wish I had started sooner.
 
The brain has a pretty diverse cohort of neurosteroids, where there are opposing effects. There are both positive and negative allosteric modulators of GABA A receptors for example, and their specific effects are due to circuit level changes rather than global potentiation/inhibition of GABA signaling.

I read a recent paper about this weird type of mouse (oldfield mice) that has an anatomically unique layer of their adrenal glands producing a hormone called 20α-hydroxyprogesterone. This acts as a GABA A negative allosteric modulator, and causes the male mice to be attentive parents.

The effects of a drug like finasteride which broadly affects steroid synthesis will be hard to deconvolve into individual mediators. People use it as a tool compound to prevent synthesis of specific steroids, but they include enough controls to show that the specific hormone that they care about is causing the effects they care about. A better approach would be using genetic models (knock out and knock in), to prevent synthesis of specific steroids (or to induce synthesis in different cell types), though that requires a well funded lab.

(paywalled unfortunately)
 
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