Holy moly, nuciferine is a 5-HT2A receptor agonist. This is not a drill, people; I repeat: this is not a drill.
Nuciferine is thought to be the primary active alkaloid from blue lotus, Nymphaea caerulea, as well as the similar plant, Nelumbo nucifera. They each contain multiple aporphine alkaloids, a group that contains nuciferine.
Aporphine alkaloids have long been treated as antagonists of monoamine receptors, including ones for serotonin, dopamine, and norepinephrine. There are many aporphine alkaloids have been studied and they usually have effects like this in scientific studies, being able to block the effects of strong monoaminergic agonists, including
nuciferine itself blocking the 5-HT2A receptor-mediated effects of DOI.
However, there is some evidence that aporphine alkaloids can have agonistic effects on monoamine receptors as well. For instance,
nuciferine itself in at least one study appeared to function as a D2 receptor partial agonist, and glaucine is a popular fringe recreational drug these days that is an aporphine alkaloid extracted from yellow poppy and is known to produce some odd tranquilizer-like effects alongside some notably psychedelic visuals and perhaps headspace changes, and
it has been shown in scientific studies to be a partial agonist at all three 5-HT2 receptors.
Sometimes, when a drug appears to have an antagonistic effect at some receptor, it turns out that that drug is actually just a very weak partial agonist. Partial agonism allows a drug to behave like both an agonist and an antagonist depending on the context due to their very low efficacy at activating a given receptor, but also with that efficacy still being non-zero. For this reason, if the receptors they are binding to are completely free and they're not competing with any other molecules, they'll have an agonistic effect and increase activity compared to when they weren't present, but if they have to compete for receptor binding with full agonists or other agonists with higher affinity than themselves, they will cause a functional antagonism and a lowering of activity compared to before they were present.
In the study I linked above where nuciferine was found to act as a D2 receptor partial agonist, it was also found to be a 5-HT2A receptor antagonist. However, it appears that the way they "verified" this activity was by testing its ability to antagonize the behavioral effects of DOI. Again, it would be expected that it would do this if it was an antagonist, but it could also occur if it was simply a lower efficacy partial agonist compared to DOI, which generally seems to be of higher efficacy. Interestingly, this study also showed that nuciferine substituted in animal discrimination studies for clozapine, an atypical antipsychotic which is often said to have 5-HT2A receptor antagonist activities, but has also
more recently been shown to be a functionally-selective 5-HT2A receptor agonist.
Now,
a new study from this year has claimed that nuciferine, as well as several other aporphine alkaloids from Nelumbo nucifera, is actually an agonist at 5-HT2A and 5-HT2C receptors, and that nuciferine is the most potent 5-HT2A receptor agonist of the tested molecules. The study is in Chinese, but I ran it through a translator, and for the record, nuciferine is compound 9. Here is an excerpt from the translation.
Alkaloids from leaves of Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn and their agonistic activities on 5-HT2A and 5-HT2C receptors said:
2.2 Agonism on 5-HT receptors
Stimulation of 5-HT2A and 5-HT2C receptors by lotus leaf alkaloids was tested on HEK293 cell model by calcium flux assay.action [3, 8]. The results are shown in Table 1. The 11 lotus leaf alkaloids obtained all have stimulatory effects on 5-HT2A receptors at the tested concentrations. Among them, compound 9 has an agonistic rate of 136.09% on 5-HT2A receptors at a concentration of 0.99 mmol/L.2 The agonism rate for 5-HT2A receptors at a concentration of 1.01 mmol/L is 109.27%; 7 compounds have agonistic effects on 5-HT2C receptors. A certain agonistic effect, among which compound 1 has an agonistic rate of 63.29% on 5-HT2C receptors at a concentration of 0.99 mmol/L.
3 Discussion and conclusion
Obesity is a common cause of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases such as atherosclerosis, coronary heart disease, and hypercholesterolemia, as well as metabolic diseases such as diabetes. One of the main causes of disease, lipid regulation and weight loss can help prevent and assist the treatment of the above diseases [1-4]. Serotonin is a mammalian A neurotransmitter widely distributed in the body that regulates the excitability of neurons by stimulating or antagonizing its corresponding receptor function. The regulation of sensory and motor patterns under different behavioral states is closely related to many functions of the human body such as diet, sleep, and emotional regulation.close. Studies have shown that the higher the activity of 5-HT2A, 5-HT2C and other receptors in the 5-hydroxytryptamine receptor family (within a certain range), the People are more likely to feel full and anorexic, leading to reduced appetite and food intake [2, 4]; Munusamy et al. [6] believe Nuciferine and nucine in lotus leaves may achieve dieting effects by activating 5-HT2A receptors.In order to further elucidate the material basis of the lipid-lowering and weight-reducing activity of lotus leaves, this study used traditional acid extraction and alkali precipitation and modern high-efficiency liquid phase The alkaloids in lotus leaves were separated using a combination of chromatography and preparation techniques, and a total of 11 alkaloid compounds were obtained. Among them, compounds 1, 4 and 5 were obtained from lotus leaves for the first time. Activity test results showed that the obtained compounds were all affected by 5-HT2A.The body has a certain agonistic effect, which is consistent with the research results of Munusamy et al. [6], further revealing the possibility of lotus leaf alkaloids.It has the effect of activating 5-HT2A receptors to achieve dieting, lipid regulation, and weight loss. In addition, protoporphine alkaloids (1, 2)It has the same agonistic effect on 5-HT2A receptors as aporphine alkaloids (3, 6-9), and is more active than other types of alkaloids. The specific structure-activity relationship needs further study.In summary, this study enriches the chemical information of lotus leaf alkaloids and further reveals the possible pharmacodynamic base of lotus leaf for lipid-lowering and weight loss. The basis and mechanism of action provide more theoretical basis for the development of relevant innovative drugs and health care products based on the lipid-lowering and weight-loss activity of lotus leaves.
Interestingly, blue lotus is one of those drugs that is often written to have hallucinogenic effects in scientific articles and medical journals and such even though most users of it seem to disagree. I think most people who have used blue lotus would agree that even in the times when it can get slightly trippy, it's not a very powerful psychedelic or anything like that. That being said, it is not uncommon for people to claim that they have had things like visual effects from it. For example, here's a few posts from
a Reddit thread I found easily.
Been eating and making tea out of lotus for about two weeks now and every time I have had mild visuals definitely comparable to the LSD come up. Idk if this is related to my heavy use of psychedelics in the past or hppd?!? Anyone else experience this?
I've even seen seconds long glimpses of extremely vivid clear dream images overlaid on top of my normal vision with open eyes while under the effect of blue lotus. Usually a landscape or wild animals, maybe a face and eyes.
Yes! I see fractals often when I smoke it. Haven't tried it in tea though
It's completely normal. I've experienced it and I don't have HPPD.
Personally, anecdotally, I have also gotten psychedelic visuals from blue lotus, although I have only noticed them outside while at nighttime. I also wondered if HPPD played a role, but I still remember them standing out. I was staring at some trees in my backyard during the only memory of it I still vividly recall, watching light but clear and colorful geometric patterns moving around on the shadowy tree branches and leaves, but that was the extent of what I saw. This was from smoking it. I have also noticed effects from blue lotus that I considered to be trippy although not necessarily definitely reminiscent of psychedelics, but I did have a hard time connecting them to just its supposed antipsychotic-like activity; these included things like an almost psychedelically peaceful clarity of mind and silence in my headspace, just enjoying my surroundings and taking things in like while on a trip; smoking lots of blue lotus with a friend to the point that we were laughing a lot similar to a good cannabis high as I compared it to at the time, but notably also not unlike on a psychedelic; and I've also gotten some pro-sexual effects from blue lotus which I've talked about here on this forum before (although not in this thread specifically I don't think) where my nipples became highly sensitive, to a degree that I usually don't get stimulated from basically anything from except for select psychedelics like LSD, which notably also acts not only on serotonin receptors but also those for dopamine and norepinephrine, even specifically being known to be a relatively lower efficacy partial agonist of 5-HT2A receptors and D2 receptors.
Coincidentally, before reading all of this, like a week or so ago I think, I bought some blue lotus extract capsules for the first time ever, supposedly a 100:1 extract. I still not tried taking them yet, as I was waiting for a good time to give it a go. After reading this tonight, I decided to take one just before dinner, as of typing this sentence exactly 50 minutes ago. I have no idea what strength to expect it to be and am uncertain how taking it orally will compare to smoking it, as I'd expect there could be differences in metabolism and stuff like that.
So far? I have to say, it gave me a good comeup feeling at the beginning of my typing this post, although it seems to have settled into the background a little bit more. Honestly, I do think it feels not unlike a psychedelic body feeling, all things considered. I also got what I would consider to be genuinely seemingly psychedelic-like visual flashes in my mind's eye similar to coming up on a known psychedelic, although juuuuuust barely, and just flashes, so lightly that I have to wonder if it was placebo, but also notably enough that I'm not convinced that it definitely was just placebo. I think the capsules seem decently potent so far, given that it's my first time ever taking it orally, and I'm interested to see if it continues to develop from this point on, although I won't be taking any more tonight for sure.
In the past, smoking blue lotus during the day has seemed to make me kind of tired, whereas smoking it at night has seemed to keep me awake. This also seems possibly worth noting as I'm starting to wonder if higher concentrations of serotonin and dopamine earlier in the day cause the nuciferine and other aporphine alkaloids to have an antagonistic effect, while taking them at night with lower levels of those neurotransmitters could allow them to be more agonistic....
Anyway, that's what I've got to say so far. I wanted to share the news and also give my experiment updates so far. I'll add more notes if there's more interesting to say about this capsule, although there may not be much more for tonight. But I have to say I'm certainly more interested in experimenting with these blue lotus extract capsules now than I already was before and intend to continue posting about my further experiments here as well.
Hope everyone here is doing well!